Jane Eyre, is a poor but aspiring, small in body but huge in soul, obscure but self-respecting girl. After we close the covers of the book, after having a long journey of the spirit, Jane Eyre, a marvelous figure, has left us so much to recall and to think:
We remember her goodness: for someone who lost arms and blinded in eyes, for someone who despised her for her ordinariness, and even for someone who had hurt her deeply in the past.
We remember her pursuit of justice. It’s like a panion with the goodness. But still, a virtuous person should promote the goodness on one side and must check the badness on the other side.
We remember her self-respect and the clear situation on equality. In her opinion, everyone is the same at the God’s feet. Though there are differences in status、in property and also in appearance, but all the human being are equal in personality.
We also remember her striving for life, her toughness and her confidence…
When we think of this girl, what she gave us was not a pretty face or a transcendent temperament that make us admire deeply, but a huge charm of her ersonality.
Actually, she wasn’t pretty, and of course, the ordinary appearance didn’t make others feel good of her, even her own aunt felt disgusted with it. And some others even thought that she was easy to look down on and to tease, so when Miss Ingram met Jane Eyre, she seemed quite contemptuous, for that she was obviously much more prettier than ‘the plain and ugly governess’. But as the little governess had said: ‘Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!’ This is the idea of equality in Jane Eyre’s mind. God hadn’t given her beauty and wealth, but instead, God gave her a kind mind and a thinking brain. Her idea of equality and self-respect impress us so much and let us feel the power inside her body.
In my mind, though a person’s beauty on the face can make others once feel that one is attractive and charming, if his or her mind isn’t the same beautiful as the appearance, such as beauty cannot last for, when others find that the beauty which had charmed them was only a falsity, it’s not true, they will like the person no more. For a long time, only a person’s GREat virtue, a noble soul, a beautiful heart can be called as AN EVERLASTING BEAUTY, just as Kahill Gibran has said, that ‘Beauty is a heart enflamed and a soul enchanted’. I can feel that how beauty really is, as we are all fleshly men, so we can’t distinguish whether a man is of nobleness or humbleness, but fleshly men, so we can’t distinguish whether a man is of nobleness or humbleness, but as there are great differences in our souls, and from that, we can know that whether a man is noble or ordinary, and even obscure, that is, whether he is beautiful or not.
Her story makes us thinking about life and we learn much from her experience, at least, that is a fresh new recognition of the real beauty.
语言学习策略指“学习者为了使语言学习取得更好的效果而采取的各种策略,它既包括学习者为了更好地完成某个学习活动或学习任务而采取的微观策略,也包括学习者对自己的学习目标、学习过程、学习结果进行计划、调控、评估等而采取的宏观策略。一个成功的语言学习者常能根据任务的需要综合使用各种策略。使用有效的外语学习策略,不仅可以改进外语学习方式,促进语言技能的发展,还可以使学习者在语言学习中扮演更积极的角色,提高教学质量。
可见,学习者的学习策略知识对语言学习有积极的反拨效应,可以提高学生的语言水平英语教师如果能引导学生学会调整和运用英语学习策略,使他们用良好的学习策略来控制自己的学习方法和过程,就能大大提高英语学习的效率,更能帮助他们学会学习,习得终身学习的能力。但是,英语学习策略属于隐性知识,如何才能使学生了解、掌握和运用它们呢?知识管理为这一问题的解决提供了契机。
After reading Jane Eyre, I think Jane Eyre is a great woman. Through a serious of troublesome situations between Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester, the author set up a great female image before readers: insisting on maintaining an independent personality, pursuing individual freedom, advocating equality of life and being confident before hard conditions.
Her early life at Gateshead was terrible, everyone seems harsh on her. She survives her parents at an early age, and has to live with her ugly aunt and three cousins. She suffers large quantities of bad conditions that others may not experience. However, she does not give up in despair, she does not destroy herself mentally, instead, Jane Eyre is filled with unlimited confidence, and she is a strong spirit, a victory over the inner personality.
She is then forced to send to Lowood Institution, unfortunately, life there turns out to be terrible, too. She is still under physical and spiritual punishment. Mr Brocklehurst insults her to be a liar before all pupils and teachers. But there she meets one sincere friend Helen Burns and one sincere teacher Miss Temple. They always treat her well. She then behaves very well and get many people’s recognition. Six years later, she makes a teacher there.
After two years teaching life at Lowood Institution, she plans to leave there to pursuit her own life and happiness. She was in a position of governess through a letter from Thornfield. Her life was totally changed after that. There she met a lovely girl, Adele and her master, Mr. Rochester. She has a special feeling about them. With the development of the plots, Jane Eyre succeed a large sum of money from his uncle, and through all bitter things which was caused by Rochester’s wife in Thornfield, Jane Eyre and Mr.Rockester finally get married and lead an ideal life.
I think Jane Eyre is an autobiography of Charlotte Bronte. Although the story is made up, the heroine and people's life and the environment in the story were taken from the details of real people around and experience. Charlotte Bronte described a young girl’s struggling life to express her inner thought: everyone is equal regardless of his or her gender. The uniqueness of Jane Eyre is not only lies in its truth and the strong artistic appeal, but also lies in the particular female image. The love story of Rochester and Jane Eyre vividly shows the fire of passion and sincere heart strongly reveals their notions of love. She looks down upon the upper class who only use their power to do what they intend to do and laughs at their stupid to show her independent character and beauty dream.
In the actual fact, she wasn’t pretty, even herself knows that, and of course, the ordinary appearance make others have bad opinion on her, even her own aunt dislike her. And some others even thought that she was easy to look down upon and tease, but she was totally much more than “the plain and ugly tutor”. And as a little governess she said to her master: “Do you think my poor, obscure, plain, and little has led me to be a soulless and heartless person? You have done a wrong thing!”Underneath these lines sees the equality of human in Jane Eyre’s mind. She has affection towards her master, Mr. Rochester, but when she finds that he has already had a wife, she leaves him and her love place without consideration. Although God did not grant her a beauty and wealth person, instead, God gave her a kind mind and a thoughtful brain. Her idea of equality and self-respect impressed us extremely much and make us feel the power inside her small body.
In my mind, a person’s beauty on the face can only make others feel that he or she is attractive or charming, if his or her mind isn’t the same noble as the appearance, beauty of this kind cannot last for a long time, because other people will one day find that the beauty which had charmed them was only a superficial one, it’s not sincere, they will not like the person any more. For a long time, only a person’s great virtue, a noble soul, a beautiful heart can be called as an everlasting beauty, just as Albert Einstein said: “A person must be held accountable for their biological survival or all of the meaning or purpose, from an objective point of view, I think it is ridiculous. Everyone can have a certain ideal, which determines the ideal and his efforts to determine the direction. In this sense, I never easy and the enjoyment of life as an end in itself, the ethical basis of this, I call it the ideal pigsty. I lit up the road, and continue to give me new courage to face up to the pleasure of the ideal life is good and the beautiful and true. If it were not for like-minded between the warm feelings, but focus on the objective world, the arts and sciences in the field of work will never reach the target, and then it seems to me that life would be empty. There are efforts to pursue the goal of the vulgar - property, vanity, luxury living, I think it is despicable.”
Now I get a better understanding of what real beauty is, as we are all human-beings, so we should distinguish whether a man is noble or vulgar.
Jane Eyre’s story makes me thinking about our future life and I learn much from her experiences, I know everyone will have a better tomorrow if one holds his beliefs, regardless of one’s status and the situation he is in.
知识管理是一种有意的策略,以促使合适的人适时地获得适当的知识,并协助人们分享信息以及展开行动,增进组织效能。知识管理是个不断螺旋循环的复杂过程,涉及了知识的收集、组织、分享、调适、使用、创新等。英语学习策略的知识管理可遵循以下步骤:
(一)学习策略知识的收集
学习策略是个人长期积累而来的、智能、秘诀等,是一种体验性知识,难以从外表察觉,属于高度个人化的隐性知识。知识管理的第一步就是要收集、确认学生使用的各种各样的英语学习策略。这个过程其实就是将隐性的学习策略知识转化为显性知识的过程。要收集真实可行的学习策略,教师可以通过问卷调查、行动研究、直接观察法、访谈法、自我反省等方法,了解学生在不同的情境或学习任务下,会使用哪些学习策略;也可以在学生实际执行某项学习任务时,要求他们边做边说出整个认知历程,以分析他们所使用的学习策略(有声思考法);或者采用同侪教导法,即在成绩好的同学教导成绩差的同学或高年级学生教导低年级学生时,记录整个过程下来,从所教内容推知其所拥有的学习策略。
(二)学习策略的整理和归类
收集到学习策略知识后,应对其进行整理和归类。首先要对所收集到的学习策略加以分析,判断和筛选出有价值的策略以便传递和共享,并根据学习策略的类型加以归类。例如,可以借鉴学习策略研究专家Oxford对英语学习策略的分类[61:
(1)记忆策略(Memorystrategies):帮助学生存取信息;
(2)认知策略(Cognitivestrateiges):用于学习语言活动中,包括学习者如何接受语言材料、如何组织语言知识、如何理解语言结构、如何提高语言操作的技能等;
(3)补偿策略(Compensationstrategies):使学生在自身语言知识不足的情况下仍然能够进行交流,例如利用非语言线索猜测意思、用同义词替代或迂回解释表达等;
(4)元认知策略(Metaeognitivestrategies):用于对自己学习策略的使用进行评价、管理和监控;
(5)情感策略(Afectivestrategies):帮助学生控制自己的情绪、动机、态度,保持信心;
(6)社交策略(Socialstrate.iges):使学生为了争取更多的交际机会、维持交际以提高交际效果而采取的各种策略。
(三)学习策略知识的保存
整理和归类的过程是将显性知识转化为更为复杂或更为系统化显性知识的过程,然后需要再将这种形成团体共识的知识加以外显化,成为具体、明确且可有效使用的组织知识,这就是知识的保存。学习策略知识的保存方法有两种:一种是制作成学习策略使用手册,这种保存方式简便易行;另一种是运用信息科技,将知识编码,储存在计算机数据库中,并创建网页提供在线学习,这种方式能突破时空限制,便于检索,并能提供即时反馈。
(四)学习策略知识的传播与共享
知识管理所面临的最大挑战在于促进组织更有效地分享隐性知识。唯有通过密切的交流与分享,知识才能充分获得发展并发挥最大价值,进而提高学习成效。学习策略的传播方式主要有四种:直接训练、经验总结与分享、同侪教导、个别诊断与辅导的动态评价(主要是针对个别学生,先进行问题诊断再接学习辅导)。其中,第一种途径最为普遍。
直接进行策略训练常用的方法包括:讲座与讨论、讲习班、将策略编人教科书中、基于策略的英语教学,也可以将策略训练融人课堂教学中去。不少研究发现,策略训练能弥补学生因认知能力的不足而造成对学习的不利影响,当学生再次遇到类似学习任务时,就知道如何应用,也能获得较佳的学习效果。因此专家建议,学习策略的教学应采取直接教授为佳。要在课堂上渗透英语学习策略,教师可以采用隐藏式训练方式,即通过设计好的.材料和活动训练学生使用某策略。例如,通过完成课本中的练习,学生在学习中自行确定、模仿和自我评估诸如自我监控、记}乙、合作等各种学习策略。这样,策略训练就与常规课堂教学有机地结合在—起。教师也可以在学习过程中对某一策略进行详细解说,让学生辨析策略的使用,并示范如何将该策略应用于不同的学习情境,同时系统地给学生提供练习和自我评估的机会,让他们能将所接收到的知识加以组合与理解。下表以Ofxord归纳的六种学习策略为例,举例说明了这些策略在英语的听、说、读、写各项教学活动中可进行的训练方式。当然,根据学生所处的不同学习阶段和各自特点,教师可有选择地进行策略训练。随着学习策略训练时间的增加,学生的策略意识逐渐提高,就会发展出成功组织和进行自主学习的技巧“。他们对学习策略越熟练,就越能将学习策略加以迁移到新的学习情境。这样,教师在学生学习过程中所扮演的角色会逐渐减轻,而学生的学习责任则会日渐加重,符合现今“以学习者为中心”的教育潮流。
(五)学习策略知识的创新
知识管理的最终目的是知识的变革与创新,唯有将知识创新融入到教育中,教育才能持续发展与革新。要实现学习策略的创新,一方面在直接训练或分享他人经验的基础上,学生通常能创造出新的策略知识,而这些知识又能成为下一轮收集的对象。整个流程是一个周而复始的动态循环过程。另一方面,教师之间也可以进行知识的分享与合作,捕捉实际授课过程中激发的创意,发现新的适用的学习策略。就这样,新的知识又被创造出来,继而加以传播和分享,应用于实际的教学内容与情境之中,促使全体学生不断提高学习效益。
这是一个终身学习的时代,知识是人类最重要的资产。有效的知识管理对于教育的整体发展与全面革新具有积极意义。受之以鱼不如授之以渔,通过英语学习策略的知识管理,可以优化语言学习的过程和效果,有利于提高学生的自主学习能力,把他们培养成为终身学习者。
作为一名面临新课程改革的英语教师,为了更好地跟上课改的潮流,适应新的教学改革,要不断更新自己的教学理念,提高自己的教育教学水平。
近期认真研读了《初中英语新课标》一书后,深有感触,我知道了要防止强调模仿、死记硬背、机械操练的教学倾向,重视科学地设计教学过程,努力创设真实的问题情境,营造启动学生思维的教学环境,为学生提供丰富的学习资源,帮助学生通过各种渠道获取知识,加速知识的内化过程,使他们能够在听、说、读、写等语言交际活动中灵活运用知识,变语言知识为英语交际的工具。所以从根本上改变面貌学习方式,保证学生自主性、探究性的学习,已成为新课程改革的突破口。而教师教学行为的变化和学生学习方式的改变也被视为新课程改革是否成功的标志。因此,在目前状况下,积极倡导初中英语有意义学习的思想,深刻领会有意义学习的概念、一般特征和实施条件,对于引发初中学生英语学习方式的革新、教师教学方式的改变,进而推进基础教育向纵深发展有着深远的现实意义。
依据意义学习的基本理论,初中英语的有意义学习应具有以下四个特征:
1、学习具有个人参与的性质,即要把整个人的认知和情感都投入到学习活动之中。
2、学习是自我发起的,学习者由于内在的愿望而主动去探索、发现和了解事件的意义。
3、学习是渗透性的。它会使学生的行为、态度,乃至个性都发生变化。
4、学习是由学生自我评价的。学生最清楚某种学习的方式是否满足自己的需要,是否有助于得到他想要的东西,是否弄明白了自己原先不甚清楚的知识。
为了帮助学生开展有意义学习,促成学生自我发展和自我实现,本学期在初中英语教学中我从以下几个方面做了尝试。
整体教学是一种教学思想,不应单纯地被看为一种教学方法。整体教学思想是现代外语教育教学研究的重大成果,是社会发展和中学教育教学的目标对于外语教学的需要。外语教学和教研人员都应该认识到:整体教学是现代外语教育教学理论和实践研究的成果所确定的。现代外语教育教学理论和实践研究得出为众多外语教学流派所公认的结论有3条:
(1)部分之和不等于整体。 语言是个活的机体,不能切割成一块一块地去学。学习了某种语言一条条、一项项的知识,绝不等于掌握了语言整体。
(2)语言知识不等于语言运用。 语音、语法、词汇等只属于语言的结构体系。语音、语法、词汇等是语言运 用 的准备,但不等于语言运用。
(3)语言教学的`目的应该是语言运用,而不是语言知识的掌握。
由于初学生年龄较小,生活经验不丰富,知识范围有限,决定了他们对直观、新颖、有趣的材料容易理解和接受。作为一个初中英语教师表情要丰富,如果表情呆滞,语言平淡,学生就不能全身心投入学习中。所以在课堂上,老师需要生动地表演,丰富的表情,使学生进入一个童话世界。在制作教具时可让学生自己动手画、动手做。在教学中要用到的图片,可以提早几天布置下去,当他们的作品被运用在课堂上时,学生们都很兴奋。这样使学生体会到成功的喜悦也激发了学英语的兴趣。此外画图片,也培养了学生的绘画能力,也可让他们熟悉一下将要学的新知识,一举多得。
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