为了使所要说明的事物具体化,还可以采用列数字的方法,以便读者理解。需要注意的是,引用较多的数字,一定要准确无误,不准确的数字绝对不能用,即使是估计的数字也要有可靠的根据,并力求近似。
作用:用列数字的方法进行说明,既能准确客观地反映事实情况,又有较强的说服力。更体现了说明文的准确性,准确地说明了说明对象的特点。
例句:赵州桥非常雄伟,全长50.82米,两端宽9.6米,中部略窄,宽9米。和全桥只有一个大拱,长达37.4米......——《中国石拱桥》(体现准确性)
1.If all those factors are contemplated, the advantages of... carry more weight than those of... From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...
2.No doubt that we can’t control the problem... unless there is an immediate action... The chance is very good that...
3.From what I have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on TV has (a great influence on young adults’ behavior. Therefore, one can naturally reach this conclusion that...
4.In conclusion, .../In short, .../All in all, .../By and large .../To summarize...
5.In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of... Only in this way can... in the future.
6.Taking into account all these factors offered above, we may carefully reach the conclusion that...
7.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...
8.This fact provides strong reason for thinking that..., thus... is actually preferable to ... rather than the reverse.
9.Judging from all given evidences, we can safely come to the decision that...
10.With the two opposite opinions discussed above, it is clear that neither of them is reasonable. As for ...I think, the latter... .If, on the other hand, the former...
作比较是将两种类别相同或不同的事物、现象加以比较来说明事物特征的说明方法。说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物,可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较,使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象。事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来。 在作比较的时候,可以是同类相比,也可以是异类相比,可以对事物进行“横比”,也可以对事物进行“纵比”。
作用:把……与……进行比较,突出强调了说明对象的特点。
例句:永定河发水时,来势很猛,以前两岸河堤常被冲毁,但是这座桥却从没出过事,足见它的坚固。——《中国石拱桥》(突出被说明对象的特点。)
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