课堂教学强调教师与学生之间的互动和交流,为了提高教师教的艺术性和学生学的效果,使用模糊限制语教学显得非常必要。
(一缓解学生紧张的压力
通常来讲,无论社会地位、知识水平还是权利分配,教师与学生都处于不平等关系。特别是课堂提问或开展互动活动时,教师都会对学生提出一些要求,而这些要求不能以命令式的语气,以避免给学生造成较大的压力。如:
(1I think you have got the answer, would you like to speak it out
(2 Could you say something about your family
一般来说,要生在课堂上回答问题,学生都会感到紧张。例子(1中,I think属于直接缓和语,使语气得以缓和。例子(2中could表示一种建议,学生对于回答这一问题就留有较大的余地,这就减轻学生回答问题时的压力。
(二增加表达的准确性和信服力
模糊限制语有提高话语准确性、使话语更可靠,客观的功能。在英语课堂中,教师通常会解释一些词的含义或阐述一种文化现象,使用模糊限制语使得教师的话语有根据,更有说服力。如在解释“honest”这个词时,教师用了这样一个句式:
(3 According to Oxford Dictionary, honest means not tellinglies, not cheating or stealing and straightforward.
在这个句子中,教师用了间接缓和型模糊限制语“according to”,说明这不是教师主观臆造的解释,而是来自权威的牛津词典,这就使得对这个词的解释更值得信服,具有权威性。
(三增强语言表达的委婉性
在教师与学生的交流中,其中一个重要的部分就是教师对学生的评价。学生对问题的回答有时会有错误或偏离题目原意,这是学生在学习过程中不可避免的,这时教师应委婉地指出错误,以免引起学生的抵触情绪和消极态度。如:
(4I'm afraid you had better think about it again.
例句中用了I'm afraid体现出教师没有采用正面否定的态度评价学生的回答,减轻了学生由于回答不够正确而出现的尴尬情绪,保护其回答问题的积极性。
四、结语
本文简要对模糊限制语的基本理论进行了阐述,并解释了模糊限制语在教师课堂语言中的作用。掌握模糊限制语在课堂教学中的使用技巧,能充分把握英语教学的规律和关键,从而提高英语课堂教学的效果。
从语法角度来看,L.Zaden将模糊限制语分为四类。第一类,某些形容词、副词,如very,usually,recently,somewhere等。第二类,在某些词后加上“ish”,“likely”,“-ly”等后缀构成模糊限制语,如reddish,sweetish,manly,childlikely等。第三类,表示说话者对事情拿不定主意、犹豫不决的词,如as if,as thought,so- - - that等。第四类,说话者在表述自己意见时,为了显示更加有礼貌而采用的某些句式,如I think,I guess,it seems to me等。从语用功能角度来看,E.F.Prince及其同事J.Frader和C.Bosk把模糊限制语分为变动型模糊限制语(approximators和缓和型模糊限制语( shields。变动型模糊限制语可以通过其就话题的真实程度和涉及范围对话题内容进行修正。缓和型模糊限制语不改变话语结构的原意,用于指出话语是说话人或第三者的看法,使语气趋于缓和。
"Treasure ink garden" this name is how to come, I asked my father and mother, but they are not too clear, so I found the Internet to treasure the edge of the ink garden. The package at temple was built in the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing years, is enshrined in the light Song Ming Chen, Bao Zheng. There is a flood in the Xijiang River, there is a black wood drifting to the village, they put it back in the river, who knows the downstream water, the wood back to the village. When this happens again and again, people find it very strange and consecrate the black wood. Jiaqing four years the court to exterminate the corrupt He Shen, the society set off anti-corruption of the wind. As a result, people naturally want to get like that to clean Bao governance officials. Put the wood carved like BaoQingTian, build package at. The package at baomo garden predecessor.
There are many baomo garden Koi, we bought a bag of feed into a koi, the door to see there are many Koi under the bridge. We stand on the side of the bridge into the water with a feed, some from our past news Koi wags its tail to swim over, see here are also other Koi feed the gathering in crowds and groups swam, their mouths, tail slapping the water, as if eager to feed them we'll plant more points, very energetic.
Go down as if you are in the ancient garden, everywhere south of the Five Ridges classical architecture, bridges, will reveal pavilions, terraces and open halls, the heritage of Chinese culture, which baomo garden there are many precious cultural relics, there are many different periods of jade collection, calligraphy and painting etc.
国庆节放假这几天,我跟爸爸、妈妈和妹妹到北京游玩。
“十一”那天,我们决定去天安门广场看升旗仪式。天刚蒙蒙亮,四面八方的人就像潮水一样向天安门广场涌来。
人越来越多,升旗的时间也在一分一秒地接近。我站在人群中,只恨自己长得矮,什么也看不到,只能抬着头望着旗杆,等待着庄严时刻的到来。
刚过6点钟,《歌唱祖国》的军乐响彻广场。这时,高大的爸爸成了我的解说员,他告诉我,威武的旗手肩扛国旗,在护旗兵的护卫下,从金水桥那边走过来了。不一会,庄严的国旗奏响了,渐渐地看到了,我看到了鲜艳的五星红旗冉冉升起。
升旗仪式结束了。我和爸爸妈妈妹妹走向国旗,为了纪念这幸福的时刻,爸爸还为我们照了张相。
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.