1901年,一只看似普通的灯泡,在美国加利福尼亚州利弗莫尔市第六消防站正式投入使用。没人能够料到,这只其貌不扬的灯泡,竟能在109年后,继续散播着温热的光明。在此之前整整一个世纪中,它很少被关掉过,其中最长的一次间歇,也不过是一个星期。
这只“百年灯泡”不仅创下了惊人的吉尼斯世界纪录,还在互联网上拥有着成千上万名崇拜者,他们自发组织了一个“百年灯泡粉丝俱乐部”。这只灯泡的“粉丝”来自世界各地,甚至有不少居住在北极圈。前不久,守候这只灯泡的管理员斯蒂夫·布恩说,一个来自北极圈的“粉丝”给他发来了信息,内容是一句简短的话:“这只百年灯泡是整个世界的灯塔。”
终于有越来越多的人发出这样的疑问:究竟是谁发明了这只经久不灭的奇特之灯?为何他不能像同是以发明灯泡成名的'爱迪生那样誉满全球?
19世纪,发明家阿多尔菲·柴莱特设计了这只灯泡。他把有关这只灯泡的构造和相关材料交给了美国谢尔比电气公司,委托其生产制造。当时所采用的是炭制灯丝,亮度相当于四瓦。这个一生黯淡的发明家曾和托马斯·爱迪生及其他几位在当时颇有名望的发明家进行过灯泡发明比赛,目的是看谁能制造出世界上最好的电灯泡。
这场比赛吸引了众多观望者。他们一致认为,爱迪生的灯泡是世界上最好的。结果却令人大吃一惊。因为事实证明,随着电压不断升高,除了阿多尔菲·柴莱特的灯泡越来越亮之外,其他几位发明家包括爱迪生的灯泡都瞬间炸开了。可即便如此,人们还是坚信,爱迪生的灯泡才是世界上最好的。他们相信这次比赛不过是一个小小的意外,阿多尔菲·柴莱特因运气超好赢得了比赛,而爱迪生胸襟广阔,故意输给了他。
人们很快忘却了关于这场比赛的结果以及获胜者的姓名。100年后,一只在消防站里彻夜不息的灯泡轰动了世界。它以持续不断的光亮,照耀了弗莫尔市整整100年。此刻,爱迪生的灯泡已经熄灭了半个多世纪,当日与之比赛的那些发明家的灯泡也早已被抛入了不知名的角落。唯独这只由阿多尔菲·柴莱特设计的灯泡依旧恒亮如初。有不少人出高价欲收购这只灯泡,均遭到了消防站的拒绝。人们不得不承认,世界上最好的灯泡,其发明者根本不是爱迪生,而是这位没有生平传记、默默无闻的发明家——阿多尔菲·柴莱特。
一只光亮百年的灯泡,让我们追寻到了一个隐藏在历史深处的发明家。他以孜孜不倦、淡泊名利的态度,创造了一个世纪的奇迹。现实的我们,有谁能够像这只灯泡那样不畏世俗蜚语、默默地在暗处发亮,默默地坚持100年而毫无怨言呢?
Many people simply regard Pride and Prejudice as a love story, but in my opinion, this book is an illustration of the society at that time. She perfectly reflected the relation between money and marriage at her time and gave the people in her works vivid characters. The characters have their own personalities. Mrs. Bennet is a woman who makes great efforts to marry off her daughters. Mr. Bingley is a friendly young man, but his friend, Mr. Darcy, is a very proud man who seems to always feel superior. Even the five daughters in Bennet family are very different. Jane is simple, innocent and never speaks evil of others. Elizabeth is a clever girl who always has her own opinion. Mary likes reading classic books. (Actually she is a pedant. Kitty doesn’t have her own opinion but likes to follow her sister, Lydia. Lydia is a girl who follows exotic things, handsome man, and is somehow a little profligate. When I read the book, I can always find the same personalities in the society now. That is why I think this book is indeed the representative of the society in Britain in the 18th century.
The family of gentleman in the countryside is Jane Austen’s favourite topic. But this little topic can reflect big problems. It concludes the stratum situation and economic relationships in Britain in her century. You can find these from the very beginning of this book.
The first sentence in this book is impressive. It reads: “It is a truth well known to all the world that an unmarried man in poss ession of a large fortune must be in need of a wife”. The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession.
People always think that Austen was an expert at telling love stories. In fact, the marriage in her book is not the result of love, but the result of economic needs. After reading this book, I know the truth is that a poor woman must be in need of a husband, a wealthy man.
I couldn’t forget how eager Mrs. Bennet wants to marry off her daughte rs. If you want to know why she is so crazy about these things, I must mention the situation in Britain at that time. Only the eldest son had the privilege of inheriting his father’s possessions. Younger sons and daughters who are used to luxurious lives have no choice but marry a man or woman in possession of a large fortune to continue their comfortable lives. Thus, we can see that getting married is a way to become wealthier, particularly for women without many possessions. Jane Austen told us that money and possession determined everything, including marriage and love in her century.
In “Pride and Prejudice”, the sister of Mr. Bingley strongly opposed his plan of marrying Jane because the Bennets don’t have many possessions and their social positions are much lower than them. From this, we can see there are a lot of obstacles for a not very rich woman to marry a wealthy husband. The society, the relatives would not allow them to get married.
In modern society, although the marriages of economic needs have decreased rapidly, the concept of “money determines everything” is still rooted in some people’s mind. A lot of parents try hard to interfere their children’s marriages. Education background, possessions, jobs remains the main reason that may influence one’s marriage. Marry for money is still a big problem in our
society. We can’t help thinking: can money determine everything?
Austen left this problem for us to think. The genius of Jane Austen lies in this perfect simplicity, the simplicity that reflects big problems. Although Austen was only 21 when she wrote “Pride and Prejudice”, her sharp observation of social lives makes the style of this book surprisingly mature and lively. The plots in her works are always very natural. The development of the plot is as inevitable as a problem in mathematics. I think the depth of Pride and Prejudice is the reason that makes this book prominent and classic. Today, her book still can be the guide telling us the economic relationships both at her time and in modern time.
布拉德皮特,我心中的最爱!
大卫芬奇的电影,果然每看一部,都没有让我失望。杰克开场的几分钟内心独白,是都市人心中对自己生活的内心写照,空虚、乏味、物质层面的浮空。在失眠的困扰下,杰克参加各种社会团体自救活动,血液病毒、睾丸激素的缺乏、肺结核等等组织。在这些被疾病困扰的临死之人面前,杰克发现自己可以释放自己的情绪,痛哭出来,每晚可以睡的像个婴儿样香甜,他对这些上瘾了。
玛拉在这时出现在了杰克视线中。玛拉和杰克一样,频繁的参加这些社会团体活动,但这让杰克很不满,这会让他不再有放松感,他在玛拉在场的情况下,会觉得自己也是个骗子,自然的,他失眠了。在连续4天没有睡着的情况下,杰克主动找到了玛拉,沟通好活动的参与分配,两人最好不要在同一个社会团体活动中出现。沟通过程是个亮点。对大部分的观看者来说,电影到目前为止,无聊的可以睡着,就是这个杰克和玛拉的对话,“我想要血液病毒”“不,脑部疾病都给我”“睾丸激素一定是我的,我是女人”,使这部影片有了几分跳跃感。
杰克住到泰勒家了。因为杰克家的房子被烧了。杰克和泰勒的相识是在飞机上,泰勒是卖肥皂的,杰克是觉得泰勒是个很有意思的人。杰克和泰勒在喝了一杯,走出地铁后,应泰勒的邀请,二人打了一架,自此,二人走上了一条通过感知疼痛而感知自我存在的道路。
每周六晚,二人在泰勒家附近互殴,吸引了很多人加入到他们之中,时间久了,泰勒等人就成立了这个搏击俱乐部。俱乐部的规则很有意思,现在想想,大卫芬奇真是个玩悬疑的高手。搏击俱乐部第一条,不许对任何人说出俱乐部的存在。搏击俱乐部第二条,不许对任何人说出俱乐部的存在,同样的。一开始,我还以为是不想让太多人知道,害怕警察的干涉。直到看到结尾,真的是到结尾才明白,应该是杰克的分裂人格,泰勒的自我保护吧。如果没有玛拉的存在和出现,可能杰克永远都不会知道泰勒的真实身份。
泰勒训练来俱乐部的人,分给他们任务,和一个陌生人发生互殴,并且以自己打败告终。破坏一个公共设施。久而久之,引起了警察的注意。而这个任务最绝的是,任务要求第一条,就是不得对任务违背。第二条,是对任务不得有任何疑问。想想,泰勒为了自己,也是费尽了心思啊。直到将近结尾时,参加这个任务的所有人,都以训练有素的行动力来执行泰勒的命令。
那么,杰克是为什么会发现泰勒的身份的呢? 因为泰勒的离开。 在一次杰克的好友,鲍勃的死亡之后,杰克对泰勒所做的一切产生了不满。杰克要破坏所有美好的事物,于是泰勒开车带杰克飙车,几次在生死关头问杰克,你真正想要的是什么?我想,是不是,如果这时,杰克明白了自己想要的东西,一切都会终止。但又觉得,怎么会这么简单。几十年的经历造就了杰克这个人,只是一个泰勒,算是杰克的一次自我拷问,又怎能结束这所有的一切。
杰克想要的是什么呢?父亲六岁离开了他,父母给他的童年记忆就是每天的争吵,在和玛拉相处的过程中,其实也是在在现重复杰克记忆中父母的争吵。家庭亲密关系的缺失,社会的冷漠疏离,让杰克意识不到自己的存在价值。他其实也是想成为泰勒那样的人,有力量,自由,随心所欲。但杰克被束缚了,束缚他的有父母、自己,还有社会。人其实都是生活在被束缚之中,人人孤独。只是杰克缺了爱。
最后,在泰勒带杰克飙车后,泰勒离开了。杰克开始疯狂的寻找泰勒,杰克不明白泰勒留下那么多的手下到底要干什么。疯狂的寻找泰勒,杰克也是在疯狂的寻找自己吧,自始至终,杰克都没能明白自己想要的是什么。一味的破坏社会治安,也只是在寻找自己存在的价值,通过破坏的乐趣,证明自己的存在。
终于,在杰克意识到泰勒要对玛拉不利,而自己其实爱玛拉后,他开始制止泰勒,主动向警局自首。只是没想到,警局除了长官,剩余的审问的人都是泰勒安排的,他们遵从泰勒的指令,要控制住杰克。导演真的太牛了!不得不感叹哪。那些人问杰克,你是泰勒吗?杰克说,不是。那些警局的人就要伤害杰克。杰克立即改口说,我是。那些人说,你说过你会说这句话。杰克说,我是泰勒,我命令你们停下来。那些人顿了一下,你说过你也会说这句话。哇,泰勒简直是天才!
最后,当杰克赶到大楼,与泰勒相遇了,终于从泰勒的手下救了玛拉。但是,这就最后一幕没看懂了,大楼周边的所有的大楼都发生了爆炸,而杰克和玛拉身处的大楼,最后是怎么样了,他们是死了还是活了?还有,泰勒真的消失了吗?杰克用手枪打自己的喉咙,真的不会死的吗?
但是,这一切一切的疑问,都没有阻止我对这部影片的热爱。一定要看第二遍,有机会!
大巴车终于来了。那是一辆蔚蓝色的大巴,很漂亮,也让我们在闷热的天气里感到了丝丝清凉。
上车这前,老师给我们没带帽子的同学发了一顶太阳帽。
车发动了。我坐在靠窗的座位。一路上听着悦耳的歌声,看着窗外美丽的风景,不知不觉就到了位于文登市郊的农庄。
首先,我们来到了养马场。我看见眼前有三匹马;一匹是黄色的,一匹是棕色的`,另一匹是白色的。我最喜欢是那匹棕色的马,因为它有黑色的马鬃很长、很亮。我是最后一个骑马的,我终于如愿以偿,骑了那匹棕色的马。
我们骑完马,就开始马场写生了。
啊!终于画完了!临近中午,我们下了山,去餐厅吃饭。唉!今天最可惜的就是这顿饭了:五片烤肉(全是肥的)、西红柿炒鸡蛋(基本上没鸡蛋)、炒头菜(这菜还行)、还有一球米饭。特别是那一大盘西红柿,酸死了。饭后还有西瓜,但我没肚子吃了。
吃完饭后,老师让我们休息了40余分钟,又踏上了新的路途。
这次我们的目的地是射箭场。等到老师讲完了技术要领后,就让我们按顺序来射击,每人三支箭。等了好长时间,终于轮到我了。我拿着弓,把箭插进去,往后拉、松,咦!箭怎么没有射出去?哦,原来是因为松的时候要把手也松开,而我只松了箭,没有把手松开,所以箭没有射出去,哈哈……
然后,我们又去了高尔夫练习场。老师教了我们怎样握住球杆,又告诉我们每人15个球,我们紧接着挨个开始打球。打高尔夫真不容易呀!我要么打不中,要不就是打中了又打不远,其他同伴差不多都是如此。
最后,我们又去湖里划船。我们先穿上救生衣,然后上船。我和李淑钰划一条船。那条船真摇晃,轻轻一歪就会摇晃。可吓坏我了。划船可真累呀,并且我发现划船还是个技术活。要先把船桨抬起来,往前挪,再把船桨放水里,往后推。虽然仅仅是几个动作,但做起来可真不容易。老师还在船上给我们拍了张相。
可是才划了一会了,老师就让我们上岸了。我恋恋不舍的脱下救生衣,回屋子里了。
我们休息了一会儿,就往回走了。老远就看见了那辆蔚蓝色的大巴,很显眼。我们争先恐后的上了车,找到自己的位子,坐下了。回家的路上,我睡着了,可能是太累了吧。
回到家里,我想了想今天的外出,哈哈,真有趣!于是我就写了这
This is a story about a special and unreserved woman who has been exposed to a hostile environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life. The story can be interpreted as a symbol of the independent spirit.
It seems to me that many readers’ English reading experience starts with Jane Eyer. I am of no exception. As we refer to the movie “Jane Eyer”, it is not surprising to find some differences because of its being filmized and retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.
Jane Eyer was a born resister, whose parents went off when she was very young, and her aunt,the only relative she had,treated her as badly as a ragtag. Since Jane’s education in Lowwood Orphanage began, she didn’t get what she had been expecting——simply being regarded as a common person, just the same as any other girl around. The suffers from being humiliated and devastated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything else.As a reward of revolting the ruthless oppression, Jane got a chance to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden. There she made the acquaintance of lovely Adele and that garden’s owner, Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. Jane expected to change the life from then on, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal wife, who seemed to be the shadow following Rochester and led to his moodiness all the time ----Rochester was also a despairing person in need of salvation. Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own principles, because she was Jane Eyer. The film has finally got a symbolist end: Jane inherited a large number of legacies and finally returned. After finding Rochester ’s misfortune brought by his original mad wife, Jane chose to stay with him forever.
I don’t know what others feel, but frankly speaking, I would rather regard the section that Jane began her teaching job in Thornfield as the film’s end----especially when I heard Jane’s words “Never in my life have I been awaken so happily. ” For one thing, this ideal and brand-new beginning of life was what Jane had been imagining for long as a suffering person; for another, this should be what the audiences with my views hoped her to get. But the professional judgment of producing films reminded me to wait for a totally different result: There must be something wrong coming with the excellence----perhaps not only should another section be added to enrich the story, but also we may see from the next transition of Jane’s life that “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you would get.”
What ’s more, this film didn’t end when Jane left Thornfield. For Jane Eyer herself, there should always be somewhere to realize her great ideal of being independent considering her fortitude, but for Rochester, how he can get salvation? The film gives the answer tentatively: Jane eventually got back to Rochester. In fact, when Jane met Rochester for the first time, she scared his horse and made his heel strained, to a certain extent, which meant Rochester would get retrieval because of Jane. We can consider Rochester’s experiences as that of religion meaning. The fire by his frantic wife was the punishment for the cynicism early in his life. After it, Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman whom he loved. Here we can say: human nature and divinity get united perfectly in order to let such a story accord with the requirements of both two sides. The value of this film may be due to its efforts to explore a new way for the development of humanism under the faith of religion.
I read the Chinese version of “Camille” a few years ago. At that time I was deeply moved by the main character Marguerite Gautier. “Camille” or “The Lady of the Camellias” by Alexandre Dumas, fils, is the story of Marguerite Gautier, a young courtesan, or kept woman, in Paris in the mid 1800's, and how she falls in love with a young man, Armand Duval, and then tries to escape from her questionable past. Unfortunately, it comes back to haunt her and she ends up returning to that life and dies painfully and alone, but with the knowledge that she was a noble woman at heart. When I first began to read the book, I did not care for Marguerite or her attitude or lifestyle, but as I got further into the narrative, I realized that her saucy attitude was a front to cover the lonely woman that she really was. She felt used, abused and unloved, until the gentle Armand Duval came into her life and showed her that he loved her as a person and not for what she could do for him. It must have taken great courage for Marguerite to leave the life she had lived for so long, knowing all along that it was probably too good to be true and would not last indefinitely. And it also showed that Marguerite really loved Armand Duval for she could even change herself for him.
However, happiness didn’t last for long. When M. Duval, Armand's father, came to her, pleading for her to leave Armand to save both Armand's reputation and that of his younger innocent sister, Marguerite saw a way to become pure of heart, if not in body. She felt that it was her duty, because she loved Armand so much, to do this even though it meant giving up her own happiness and hurting Armand temporarily. She reluctantly returned to her former life, knowing that.some day Armand would forgive her. Sadly, she died in debt and basically alone, except for her one female friend, Julie Duprat, who helped her during her illness. She had her journal sent to Armand after her death, explaining why she had made the choices she had. I think Dumas's last few lines about Marguerite being the exception, not the rule were quite true, and I also agreed with his view that while her lifestyle could not be condoned, we as a society assume that all of these type of women are cold and heartless, while this may not always be the case. A person can make the wrong choices in life when they are young, and try to redeem themselves, but sometimes past situations prevent them from changing their lives, even though they desperately wish to do so. This applies to both men and women in many different types of circumstances: involvement in crime; drug or alcohol abuse; gambling; prostitution; financial problems; poor marriage choices; etc. And this is the fact, which exists in the whole society.
As far as the other characters in the book, I think Marguerite was right in saying that no one truly cared about her, but only wanted something from her, the only exceptions being Armand and Julie Duprat. Of course, the Comte de G. and Comte de N. wanted her body and appearance. The
Duke needed to “wake up and smell the coffee” and realize that she could never replace his dead daughter. If he truly cared, he could have helped her leave her lifestyle without “keeping” her himself. And lastly, Prudence was a blood-sucking leech who used Marguerite almost worse than the men. I also think she was jealous of the fact that Marguerite had so much more courage than herself and someone truly loved her.
Last morning, when tiding my bookshelf, I took this book out of the shelf, and a dried flower flew away from the book. It was pale blue, very transparent, with thin fine veins. a dried flower flew away from the book. It was pale blue, very transparent, with thin fine veins. I held it against the morning light and blew on it. The soft breeze carried it away. Camille is just like the camellia, she could never escape from the destiny of withering. But it wasn’t her fault; it’s because of the evil of Capitalism and the hideousness of that society.
Suddenly, I remembered a saying: “Women are like the flowers”. Those pretty women are like those beautiful flowers; their delicate beauty makes people feel they are the miracle of life. However, even the God envies their beauty. It seems that beautiful women always have tragic endings. As we are normal persons, even we can see the hideousness of humanity that results in their fate of withering, we can at most ask quietly in our hearts: Where have those beautiful flowers gone? Where have they gone?
The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe
It seemed to be such a coincidence that the night after I finished reading The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe, I was to dine in a restaurant distinctly related to the book itself. This restaurant was no other than the famous American-styled “Friday ’s. ” The reason for mentioning this restaurant is quite straightforward to all the gentlemen, ladies and children who have read the novel and enjoyed it, which is the fact that this restaurant was, most likely, named after the American Native in Robinson Crusoe, called Friday. This restaurant offers very exceptional service, for instance when the waitresses are asked to order dishes they kneel rather than stand, which, unlike the other restaurants I have been to, makes it easier for the customers to hear them speak. Moreover, Friday’s friendly services to the customers help them to make better choices when ordering dishes. I remembered when I went to Friday ’s last time; the waitress kindly described the items on the menu with precise details. It turned out that the combo I initially wanted was designed to be shared among a large group, not to be eaten by one person. I think this restaurant shows many commendable features similar to that of Friday. Friday brought emotional warmth to the people around him with his appealing personality. I think it was this personality that affected Crusoe and made him say that he loved Friday when Crusoe didn ’t express love for his parents, brothers, sisters, or even his wife. “When he espied me, he came running to me, laying himself down again upon the ground, with all the possible signs of an humble, thankful disposition, making many antic gestures to show it to let me know how he would serve me as long as he lived.” This was what Friday did after Crusoe had rescued him from the two savages chasing him. It was easy for me to see why Crusoe had loved Friday. After sometime, Crusoe and Friday were to rescue Friday’s father. When Friday reunited with his father, the scene was easy to move anyone: “It would have moved anyone to tears to have seen how Friday kissed him, embraced him, hugged him, cried, laughed, halloed, jumped about, danced,
sung; and then sung and jumped about again, like a distracted creature. It was a good while before I could make him speak to me.” This is my favourite chapter in the whole book. It is hard to see why Friday is an ex-savage when he can have personalities more praiseworthy than many civilized people, viz. Crusoe himself. “When he (Friday went to him (Friday’s father, he would sit down by him, open his breast, and hold his father’s head close to his bosom, half an hour together, to nourish it; then he took his arms and ankles, which were numbed and stiff with the binding, and rubbed them with his hands.” Furthermore, Friday’s expression of loyalty in asking Crusoe to kill him rather than leave him is more heartfelt than anything Crusoe ever says or does.
Crusoe, on the absolute contrary, seems incapable of deep feelings, as shown by his account of leaving his family—he never shows any emotions. After a moving lecture from Robinson’s father about his future, he still decided to follow his own wandering ambition. Careless was he about the wishes of his parents to keep him alive and prosperous, as he was the only child left in the family. When he came back from the island which he had lived on for twenty eight years, he found that it had been too late to tell his parents that he was still alive, but yet again he did not feel sorry for them; he also did not feel sorry for the two people who had to live in misery for nearly thirty years under the allusion all of their sons were dead. He had the same feelings for his wife: when he was married, he said it was “not either to my disadvantage or dissatisfaction”, implying that it was also neither to his advantage nor his satisfaction. Moreover, after his wife died, Robinson did not think of looking after the three children they had, but went back to the island, which he had lived on for twenty-eight years. It was on this trip which Robinson Crusoe revisited “His Island ” as he called it. I feel that Robinson ’s indifference to his family is almost emotionally cruel.
Before had clearly shown the contrast between Crusoe’s and Friday’s personalities, as when Friday, in his joyful reunion with his father, displayed far more emotion toward his family members than Crusoe, whereas Crusoe never mentions missing his family or dreams about the happiness of seeing them again. I think Defore is very successful in introducing Friday as part of the novel, it makes the whole novel seem much more complete and gripping to the reader, as well as proving that Defoe’s ideology of racism is civilized unlike many other Europeans at that time; natives and savages are not worse than others but can perhaps even be more modern and civilized. Those are the reasons of why I like The Life And Adventures Of Robinson Crusoe and Friday.
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