导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成\"总—分—总\"结构
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
在上个世纪的80年代,我所在的沈阳有一位劳动模范,天天在商店开门前拿起扫帚,将商店打扫得干干净净。就是这样一把扫帚,让她成为了全市的劳动模范。她的事迹人人都能做到,可是只有她坚持数十年如一日,从不停歇。正是这种持之以恒的“傻劲”,让她赢得了所有人的尊敬。
人生贵在坚持。那些劳动模范不是在一朝一夕实现了精神上的飞跃。他们的工作往往经年累月,持之以恒,在经过长期的磨砺之后,终于让人们在平凡中看到了伟大之处。
在一个经济快速发展的年代,寻找这样一些英雄更加难能可贵。很多人期望在一夜之间名扬天下,甚至还有人希望不劳而获,一夜暴富。和那些在平凡岗位上兢兢业业,不知疲倦的劳动模范相比,人们是不是应该少一些浮躁,多一些清醒呢?
每一个时代的劳动模范,都有明显的时代烙印。当我们把目光集中在那些创造骄人业绩,功成名就的明星人物身上的时候,我们可能同样需要关注那些在平凡的岗位上几十年如一日,不辞劳苦辛勤工作的普通公民。相对于那些拥有特殊天赋,能够利用一技之长获得成功的人士来说,那些在日常工作中踏踏实实,任劳任怨的普通劳动者才更值得我们学习。
在许多国家,民族的英雄既包括那些载入史册的发明家、政治家、文学家,同时也包括那些体现民族精神的平凡人士。正是普通劳动者踏实的工作,让民族的精神有所依归,让民族的历史有了厚重感。
历史是人民创造的。这个亘古不变的真理充分揭示了劳动模范的时代意义。当聚光灯打在少数成功人士脸上的时候,我们更应该在那些平凡的岗位上寻找那些平凡的劳动者,正是他们的日常工作,让我们丰衣足食,让我们能够尽情地享受人间的快乐。
歌颂劳动模范,其实就是在歌颂我们自己的人生。歌颂劳动模范,其实就是在向希望前进。
劳模对我来讲是很熟悉的一个词汇,记得小时候思想品德课本中的时传祥让我知道了工作不分贵贱,而张秉贵、李素丽还有其他很多平凡岗位上劳模的事迹告诉我,于平淡中做出不平凡才能做出成绩。劳模已经从一个称号变成一种精神,是对自己工作由衷的热爱,是对自己职业绝对的忠诚,是“位卑未敢忘忧国”在和平年代最好的诠释,在我身边,就有这样一个我心中的劳模,虽然还没有劳模的称号,却在用这种精神影响着我和身边的人。
初次听到彭燕这个名字是在新录用人员培训中,听说我们单位有一位经历过癌魔考验的同志,在癌症病情得到控制后还奋斗在公诉一线,通过竞选担任处长。当时我就一直想看一下,是一个怎样坚强的人,面对生活的磨难与考验还能有如此斗志,直到在检察日报的头条看到有关彭燕先进事迹介绍上所附的照片,我才把心中的形象和人对上号,我没有想到,她看起来是那样的普通和平凡。 因为工作关系,我的办公室和彭燕在同一层,其实我们经常在楼道里碰见,每次见面她都会主动打招呼,有时候在办公室都能听到她爽朗的笑声,我们已经见过很多次,只是实在没法把那个开朗的她和一个癌症患者联系在一起。23岁参加工作,28岁成为北京市昌平检察院最年轻的主诉检察官,30岁任公诉二处副处长, 31岁罹患癌症,时隔9个月先后两次手术,33岁重返公诉岗位,35岁成为昌平检察院专门型人才,从事检察工作12年间先后审查决定或审查备案案件795件1244人,无一错案。一连串的数字,看到了彭燕作为一名优秀的检察官的出众的工作能力和非凡的事业成就,也看到了彭燕在检察岗位上谱写的生命赞歌。
无一错案,简单的四个字后面是对每一起案卷材料的细心分析,耐心辨别,正是对检察事业的这份热爱才能让她十二年如一日,即使面对生命的挑战也不惧困难,勇敢面对。国家公诉人并不是简单的把犯罪嫌疑人送进监狱或者看守所才是成功的,而是通过办理案件达到打击和预防犯罪的目的。记得彭燕办理过这样一个案子,犯罪嫌疑人是大学生,因为琐事与同学发生争执将人打成轻伤,当时马上就要过春节了,犯罪嫌疑人被拘押在看守所里等待法律的裁决。彭燕在审查公安机关移送的案卷发现,犯罪嫌疑人与被害人是同学,因为日常琐事争吵,犯罪嫌疑人不慎失手,主观恶意不大;在提讯犯罪嫌疑人的过程中发现,犯罪嫌疑人悔罪态度好,对自己的行为有深刻的认识。如果严格按照法律规定,那么面临犯罪嫌疑人的可能不只是几个月或一年的牢狱之灾,还可能是被退学、找工作受影响、人生中有污点,从挽救犯罪嫌疑人的角度,彭燕在与被害人进行协商得到谅解后,做出了不起诉的决定。犯罪嫌疑人从看守所走出重获自由时,跪倒在彭燕的面前,感谢这位挽救了他一生的检察官。
用一颗责任心去对待自己的工作,认真审理审查自己经手的案件,不留一丝漏洞;用一颗善良心去对待同事,每次带给大家的都是欢乐与鼓励;用一颗热心去处理自己办理的案件,通通过个案法律效果与社会效果的统一,达到社会和谐的目的;用一颗坚强心去面对病魔,即使每天需要抑制癌症的药物,却从来不在癌症面前低头;用一颗感恩的心面对生活,享受自己的家庭及工作,感谢生命给予的磨炼,这就是我心中的劳模,我身边的榜样,“铁燕子”彭燕。
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
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