由于在很多情况下,说明文是对客观存在的说明与介绍,因此语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉,比如:
(1)I think that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
(2)It is said that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
相比之下,例(2)的语言要比例(1)的语言客观一些,容易让人接受一些。如果再作一些表述上的改动:
(3)Getting up late is not always a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
引进著名人士作为信息的来源,可以使想要说明的内容更具有说服力。如果我们将例(3)中的always再改为necessarily,就可使整个句子更客观、委婉,便于为读者接受:
(4)Getting up late is not necessarily a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
在英语中,采用被动语态,引进权威的信息来源以及选用委婉的词语是使说明文避免主观色彩,增加客观性,从而为读者接受的重要语言手段
The person I admire is my mum. She is an English teacher. She is very popular among the students because she spends lots of time on her lessons and has a good sense of humor. Students all enjoy her class. My mum is not only a good teacher, but also a great mother. She is patient with me and always smiling while talking. My mum teaches me how to think independently and helps me to build up my confidence. When I have some difficulties in my studies, it is my mum who encourages me to work until I solve the problem. When Im feeling sad or bad, it is also my mum who looks after me with care.
I remember when I caught a fever at midnight last year, my mum took me to the hospital as fast as she could. When we got home after my injection, it was about 5 oclock in the early morning. My mum only slept 2 hours because she had to wake up at 7 oclock to prepare breakfast for me, and then she went to work. She must be very tired that day.
My mum is not very beautiful, but I admire and love her.
由于说明文往往是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释,而这种客观的介绍与解释一般是不随时间和空间变化而改变的,比如:说明早锻炼的好处,介绍猫的`胡子的功能,解释臭氧层对人类生活的影响等等,是不受时间和空间影响的。因此,尽管有时为了特殊表达的要求,会在个别地方采用其他时态,英语说明文的基本时态还是一般现在时。下面这篇由香港学生写的充分反映了说明文的这一特点。
The Way to Achieve Success
Many successful people say that they owe much of their success to the cultivation (培养) of certain good habits in early life. In forming good habits, I think we should pay attention to four things, that is, honesty, industry (勤勉), enthusiasm (热情), and thrift (节俭)。
“Honesty is the best policy”。 This is a proverb to which we must pay attention. There are so many temptations (诱惑) in society that through a little carelessness we may go astray (走入歧途)。 But when we are honest, people will not be dishonest to us.
Industry gives every man and woman, every boy and girl, proper work to do. To do nothing is to ruin oneself.
Enthusiasm is a great force. One's soul will expand if one devotes (贡献) oneself to a noble cause. The difficulties in our way are tremendous (巨大的), but what can we not accomplish (取得), if with enthusiasm?
There are many proverbs which set forth (陈述) the advantages (好处) of thrift. Since we live in a world where money is a very powerful thing, we should always try to save part of our earnings for future use.
These are the four things to which we must pay attention. It is only in this way that we can achieve success.
湖南人的餐桌上,几乎个个菜肴都要加些辣椒,辣椒炒肉、剁辣椒鱼头、香辣豆腐,哪个不是辣味十足?就连青菜、火锅、包子里都要加些辣椒调味,甚至还要把辣椒单独做成一个菜的。
在湖南,几乎是人人爱吃辣椒,伟大的'领袖***也不例外。***的故乡在湖南湘潭,***青年时,每餐饭都要吃些辣椒,若是没有辣椒,吃起任何菜都味如嚼蜡。
湖南人不但爱吃辣椒,为人处事也如辣椒般火辣辣地热情。你若是到我们湖南人家里做客,我们的热情你可别见怪。捧上一杯热乎乎的茶水姜盐芝麻豆子茶,围坐在火炉边或坐在树荫下,唠唠家常,再吃上一餐辣辣的饭菜,我们的热情也显而易见了。若是打算留在我们湖南人家里住一晚,我们准会为你腾出一间房,找出一床被窝,再准备一套日用品,保证让你感觉像在自己家一样。
火辣辣的湖南人,火辣辣的情;我爱我的家乡湖南,我爱火辣辣的湖南。
……
Do you know who I am? I am the strength winner of the "best performance award" among the five senses, and also the most vulnerable one.
你瞧,我一不小心撞(zhuàng到墙上,鲜血直流,一阵钻心的痛吓得主人哇哇c大哭。我必须时刻呼吸新鲜空气,因为我一旦休息了,主人就一命呜呼了。
You see, when I accidentally hit the wall, the blood flowed and a deep pain scared the owner to cry. I have to breathe fresh air all the time, because once I have a rest, my master will die.
我能闻到香香的烧鸡味,让嘴巴馋(chán得直流口水;主人刚走到厕所门口,我就会第一时间提醒他:“小心,很臭哦!”
I can smell the smell of roast chicken, which makes my mouth drool; when the owner comes to the door of the toilet, I will remind him at the first time: "be careful, it stinks!"
看到这儿,你肯定猜出我是谁了吧?
See here, you must guess who I am, right?
我就是大名鼎(dǐng鼎的鼻子,小朋友,你可一定要好好保护我哦!
I'm the nose of Da Ming Ding. Children, you must protect me!
我们六一班的英语老师有20岁左右。她有一头乌黑油亮的头发,淡淡的眉毛下有一双水汪汪的大眼睛。然而,她双眼中间的鼻梁却是塌的,她一脸的冷酷与那张樱桃小嘴显得很不协调。
还记得开学第一天,本来喊着“欢迎老师”的同学霎时停了下来。一位年轻老师走到讲台中间转过身来,板着脸严肃地说道:“以后你们的英语课由我来上。”霎时,教室里突然静得出奇。同学都被这冷冰冰的一句话给吓“傻”了,呆呆地坐着,眼睛瞪得比木槌还直。之后的半个小时她都在“训斥”我们:“……要是有同学说话——没商量,我就用杆子抽他!要是我听说有人在背后骂我,你就给我等着……”下课后,每个同学都不由自主地打了个寒颤。
接下来的日子里,英语老师下课拖堂、“非法”占用微机课和体育课、作业量布置太大。这些“罪行”使同学们对她没有一丝好感。
一天,英语老师用英语讲了一整节课,同学们就叫她“放臭洋屁的”,得知英语老师写字要用卫生纸包着粉笔写,她的外号就成了“死臭美的”。
终于有一天,周侠宇同学被老师罚写14遍英文加14遍译文,他背地里对英语老师狠狠地骂了一顿,并在楼梯的墙壁上刻下了骂英语老师的脏话。这件事很快就被英语老师知道了。英语老师就像只暴怒的狮子,她的举动让大家都惊呆了。只见她从教室里将周侠宇“揪”出来,然后就对他大打出手。五分钟后,周侠宇就被带进了英语办公室。又一阵拳打脚踢过后,英语老师就开始了她的“长篇小说:“……你说说你该罚吗?你真是无耻!你还有良心吗?不想学趁早滚蛋……”在窗外偷看的同学早已看不下去了,都想进去找英语老师理论理论。
我永远也忘不了英语老师那张“凶神恶煞”的脸,但我多么希望英语老师能够和蔼一些,经常笑笑,给下一个班的同学们留下一个好的印象。
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