如果信件里面有附件,可在信纸的左下角,注上encl:或enc:,例如:encl:2 photos(内附两张照片。如果福建附件不止一项,应写成encl:或encs。
我们有时可看到在称呼与正文之间有re:或subject:(事由字样。一般在信纸的中间,也可与“称呼”对齐。还应在底下加横线,以引起读信人的注意,使收信人便于在读信之前就可了解信中的主要内容。事由一般在公务信函中使用,也可以省略。
最近,我在紫阳国学堂学习了《大学》这本书,让我受益匪浅,使我懂得了许多修身的道理。
《大学》指出:“大学之道,在明明德、在亲民、在止于至善。”这句话是说,大学的宗旨,在于弘扬光明的德行,在于使民众日新又新,并达到最完善的境界。那么,什么是光明的德行呢?我想,最基本的就是孝敬父母。
读了这段话,让我想起古代的一个故事。赵善应是南宋的一名官员,是历史上有名的孝子。有一次他的母亲患了重病,需要用人血和药进行治疗。赵善应二话没说,马上买药,然后用刀刺破手臂,用自己的鲜血和药,给母亲服用。在赵善应的精心照料下母亲的病很快就好了。病虽然好了,但母亲却落下了心悸的病根。一有打雷等大点的响动,母亲就会害怕。因此,每遇到雷雨天气,赵善应都会走进母亲的房间,陪伴母亲。有一个寒冬的夜晚,赵善应出远门归来,走到家门口时,随从正要敲门,赵善应却马上制止说:“别敲了,我怕惊吓到母亲。”就这样,他和随从坐在门口房檐下,挨冷受冻直到天亮。赵善应这种孝敬父母的精神是多么难能可贵呀!
孝敬父母是中华民族的'传统美德,是《大学》这本书提出的“为人子,止于孝”的目标。自从学习了《大学》,我在家里也能孝敬父母。妈妈工作了一天回到家,我高高兴兴地敬妈妈一杯茶,妈妈就很开心。到了晚上,我来到卫生间倒一盆水,然后让妈妈洗脚,妈妈说我是个懂事的孩子。爸爸回来了,想去餐厅洗碗,我就让爸爸休息,我来洗碗。
学习了《大学》让我明白了很多道理,其中最重要的就是孝道。作为孩子,孝很重要,只有做到了孝,长大以后才能做到忠和义,才能为国家和社会做事。
老师说:“《大学》是我国的“四书”之一,它积淀华夏五千年的魂,是中学生必读的经典之一。”我急忙周六就去图书馆借来看。之后,我去网上搜查资料,原来《大学》原本是名列《五经》的《礼记》中第四十二篇,宋朝的程氏兄弟把它抽出来单列,朱熹将《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》合称为《四书》。
《大学》卷首开宗明义:大学之道,在明明德,在亲民,在止于至善。所谓“明明德”,前一个“明”是动词,意指理解掌握;后一个“明”为形容词或名词,强调儒家的道统而非其他歪门邪道。明明德、亲民以及至善一直被认为是《大学》重要的三纲。明德是根本,亲民为路径,至善则是境界,是个体行为的理想目标。人们常说,“一屋不扫,何以扫天下。”又常说,“修身、齐家、治国、平天下。”两者都一样,都被人用来表达自己所理解的君子之道。这种君子之道,用现在的话说,就是从小事做起,从现在做起,从身边做起。
《大学》一曰“大人之学”,二曰“为政之学”。有两种含义:一是指成年之人,要在社会上立足,需要知书明理,通晓人生之道;二指但凡有成就的人,都具有光辉伟大的人格,他们修己安人,历练内圣外王之道,终成轰轰烈烈的事业。这两种含义具有同一思想——修身。
作为当代中学生,我们应该牢记在心,努力学习,为自己的目标奋斗。在这个过程中时刻记住,只有做好一件小事,才能实现理想。
yesterday i read a book the name of the book is《dr bethune》.
dr bethune was a famous doctor from canada. in 1938 he came to china. at that time china was at war with japan. he worked as a doctor in the chinese army and saved many soldiers’ lives. he worked very hard and became sick. dr bethune died in 1939. he was only 49 years old. he was a good man and we remember him today.
i think the book is very very good!
written by wu qingxiang
mar. 31
how to do research
——reading after a science paper
these days i am busy preparing my dissertation which is about web usage mining . i read some english papers and learnt much from them . and now i want to say something about a paper titled “web usage mining:discovery and applications of usage patterns from web data”.
this is the first english paper i read about dissertation and gave me great help .
this paper is a review about web usage mining. it introduced web usage mining in detail . although it is a little old for it was published in its contents are very useful today . it is organized according to the sequence of web usage mining and the six main parts are introduction which tells me what is web usage mining the sources and abstraction of web data the three steps of web usage mining taxonomy and project survey websift overview privacy issues . the third and fourth parts are most important . it had a list of existing project about web usage mining which i saw many times in other papers but this paper is the one creating this list . besides it has been referred for more then twenty times . as we all know that the higher the referred number is the more important the paper is so i consider this paper to be an important and successful one in this region.
in my opinion the success of this paper dues to three reasons . the first reason is the profound computer knowledge owned by the authors . web usage mining relates to many subjects such as artificial intelligence ontology semantic analysis but the most basic knowledge is computer science . the four authors are all professors of department of computer science and engineering in university of minnesota . for myself i am not major in computer science and i am not very good at computers so i feel a little difficult to understand technologies used in this region.
second they had read a large number of papers before they wrote this paper . there are fifty nine references listed after main contents . “stand on the shoulders of giants” this sentence tell us a truth : one can never successful all by oneself . and what’s more learn from others can save a lot of time and energy especially for us new learner . how to learn from others is a skill all of us should master but learning doesn’t mean copy or plagiary . other people’s knowledge and production is just our foundation upon this foundation we must have our own thoughts and creation. there are many remarks in this paper where referred other’s production.
third the authors had the experience of developing a web usage mining project . they don’t just engage in idle theorizing so their comprehension on this issue is greatly profound. they know what we may meet in a real project development and they know how to resolve them . after reading this paper i also read some other papers written in chinese . some of them are not based on real project and can not give useful resolution . websift is the name of system they developed which can be used to data mining and analysis .
i wrote this article not only because it gave me much help in preparing my dissertation but also because it tells me how to study and how to do research . honesty and preciseness are two essential making a researcher must have . hard-working is the necessary condition leading to success . this is just the beginning of my dissertation i should learn from these four authors both their knowledge and their attitude to study.
同学们,你们知道家喻户晓的“四书五经”指的是哪四书吗?对了,那就是《论语》《大学》《孟子》和《中庸》。在这个寒假中,我就阅读了“四书五经”中四书之一—《大学》。
《大学》这本书为世人所传诵,是儒家学派的经典。那么,何为“大学”呢?可能很多人都不知道,其实大学就是一片政治哲学论文,探讨了各国平天下的原则道理。它以“明明德”、“新民”、“止于至善”为三大纲领,以“格物”、“致知”、“诚意”、“正心”、“修身”、“齐家”、“治国”、“平天下”为八个条目,阐明了治国平天下必须从“修身”、“齐家”做起,而“修身”、“齐家”又以“格物”、“致知”、“诚意”、“正心”作为途径。其中还特别强调个人修身对政治的影响。
《大学》可真是儒家德治注意原则的表现。从古至今有多少文人雅士把《大学》看得很重,还将《大学》中的话用于生活当中做到。
古代汉武帝推行了“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”。在汉武帝在位时,可见多么重视儒家学派呀!汉武帝也是一个勤政爱民的好皇帝,他打败了匈奴的屡次进攻,最终统一天下。
《大学》这本儒家学派的经典,告诉了我们太多太多。勤政爱民、自立修身,让我们永远记住“四书五经”中《大学》这本书吧!
Dear Mercy,
亲爱的梅斯,
How is everything going! Last time you said you are anxious now because you find it hard to learn English well. Don’t worry. I think you have to improve your English step by step. And I will right behind you. In my view, you should develop you interest on English first. According to my experience, I think watching English movie, listen to some wonderful English songs and talk in English on the Internet would be helpful. Secondly, you have to prepare lessons before class that will help you understand what the teacher says in the class. I know you feel bored in the class, but you have force yourself to be concentrated. A few days later you will feel it a little easy to learn English. The left steps I will tell next time. By the way, we have not seen each other since your family move to Hunan a year ago. Have you ever thought about going back to visit me and learn English together in the coming Summer vacation. Looking forward to your reply.
过得可好。上次你说你现在很焦虑因为你觉得很难学好英语。别担心。我觉得要提高英语你得一步步来。我会帮你的。在我看来,首先应该要培养你对英语的兴趣。根据我的经验,我认为看英文电影,听美妙的英文歌曲以及在互联网上与他人用英语交流会有很大的帮助。其次,你要预习,这样可以让你理解老师在课堂上说的东西。我知道你觉得上英语课很无聊,但你必须强迫自己聚精会神的听。一段时间后,你会感觉到学习英语变得容易些了。剩下的步骤下一次我会告诉你的。顺便提一下,自从一年前你们家搬到湖南后我们就没见过面。你有没有想过暑假的时候回来看看我,我们可以一起学习英语。期待你的回复。
Best wishes,
Li
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