1. Nancy is too young to dress herself.
Nancy is not _____ _____ to dress herself.
2. My watch doesn't work well.
There is ____ _____ _______ my watch.
3. Jane doesn't go to work by bus any longer.
Jane ____ _____ _____ to work by bus.
4. It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary _____two weeks____ ______ for the exam.
5. It seems that they have known each other.
They seem to _____ _____ each other.
6. "My grandpa doesn't like coffee or coke" said Bob
Bob said that _____grandpa liked _____coffee _____coke.
7. Cao Fei joined the League three years ago.
Cao Fei _____ ____ _____ the League for three years.
8. I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ____ _____ going by bus.
9. -Thank you very much. -You're welcome.
- ____ a lot. -Not at____ .
10. Kitty does well in English.
Kitty ____ ____ ____ English.
11. They realized Hainan was a beautiful place after they reached there.
They____ realize Hainan was a beautiful place_____ they reached there.
12. We will have to finish the work hardly if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ ______
13. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.
My dictionary is _____ than yours.
14. Could you tell me where the East Street Hospital is? Excuse me, ____ is the _____ to the East Street Hospital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heavy traffic _____ them from _____ the train.
20. My brother has been away from home for two days.
My brother _____ home two days _____ .
21. Li Lei decided to move to Canada when he was thirty.
Li Lei made a _____ to move to Canada at the _____ of thirty.
22. Jim was too careless to pass the exam last term.
Jim was not_____ _____ to pass the exam last term.
23. If you don't hurry up, you can't catch the train.
Hurry up, _____ you may _____ the train.
24. Yang Li wei said to us, "I'm going to visit your school tomorrow. " We were all pleased.
We were all pleased when we heard Yang Li wei_____ visit_____ school the next day.
25. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. I have ____seen _____ an interesting film before.
26. I was late for school because of the traffic accident. The traffic accident _____ me _____ getting to school on time.
It ______ ______ ______ the train will be late.
答案:is likely that
2. It is likely that the typhoon will sweep across the island.
The typhoon ______ ______ ______ ______ across the island.
答案:is likely to sweep
3. I think trying to stop the couple quarrelling will be of no use.
I think it's ______ ______ ______ to stop the couple quarrelling.
答案:no use trying
4. Every time I was in trouble, he had no hesitation in helping me.
Every time I was in trouble, he came to help me ______ ______.
答案:without hesitation
5. He never hesitates to help if I have any problem.
He always helps me ______ ______ if I have any problem.
答案:without hesitation
6. I crossed the street so as not to meet him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
I crossed the street to ______ ______ him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
答案:avoid seeing
7. It seems that the students in that class have all passed the qualified exam.
All of the students in that class ______ ______ ______ ______ the qualified exam.
答案:seem to have passed
8. It seems that the boys of the class are playing football on the playground.
The boys of the class ______ ______ ______ ______ football on the playground.
答案:seem to be playing
一. .................................................................................................................................................. 1
二. .................................................................................................................................................. 1
三. .................................................................................................................................................. 2
四. .................................................................................................................................................. 3
五. .................................................................................................................................................. 8
一简述
1. 当过去分词在句末时,不管有无逗号,都是就近修饰名词;
2.现在分词在句末时,无逗号是就近修饰的名词的定语;
3.当现在分词在句尾且前有逗号时,修饰邻近句子的\'主语,做主语的伴随状语或做句子的伴随结果.因此不能用句尾现在分词修饰前面句尾的名词. 所以OG127说C选项:"the phrasehaving been assigned...is uncertain in reference,making the sentence unclear."-->就是说这个现在分词本来是应该修饰前面的employee的,却变成了修饰主语governments了. (另外在GMAT里,having been done的用法错误,应直接用done
避免上述错误的方法:所修饰的名词在句尾用定语从句修饰--OG127正确选项B (而不用加逗号的现在分词修饰.其实分词是定语从句的省略形式,在句中无逗号分词(注意是无逗号的,有逗号的在句中有歧义就比定语从句简洁还有 OG120也是同样道理:修饰句尾名词,正确选项A用定语从句.E选项的句尾现在分词错误.
4.当现在/过去分词在句中且前没有逗号,修饰前面紧邻名词;
5.当现在/过去分词在句中且前后都有逗号,有歧义:1修饰前面紧邻的名词,2向后修饰后面句子的主语.
这种结构在GMAT肯定错,如果修饰某句主语,则避免将该分词置于以名词结尾的句后.避免方式:1用定语从句/介词短语明确修饰对象.2可将分词提到句首,所修饰主语及所在句子紧跟其后-->形成句首分词修饰句子主语.见OG179
6.在前面有多个名词如名词1+介词+名词2结构,而要用分词修饰名词1时,为避免歧义要重复名词1即用同位语结构:名词1+介词+名词2,名词1+分词.见OG208
二.
1、doing/done,SVO 注意分词的逻辑主语与S一致
2、介词/连词+doing/done,SVO 也要注意分词逻辑主语与S一致
3、S,doing/done,V 分词作定语修饰主语(前后一对逗号隔开,相当于定语从句)
注意:如果出现: “名词,doing,名词”,则会有分词前后的修饰歧义,如179DE,245E
4、SVO doing 分词作定语修饰主语,如 96AC,121C,146E,222A,234B,237E
5、SVO,doing
A、分词优先作状语
1)修饰主语(与分词在句首一样,注意逻辑主语),如 33B,39C,44B,120E,163D,256B
2)修饰主句动作,如 78BD,119B,154A,259A
B、其次作定语,但没有定语从句清晰,会有修饰歧义,如 253DE,(“,including”除外 249)
6、SVO done 分词作定语修饰O(同4)
7、SVO,done
A、分词作状语修饰S,如 大全558
B、分词作定语修饰O,如 127A(分词相当于形容词 253A)
some people base on sth是绝对错误的。但是有sb. base sth. on sth.的用法. 三.
1.SVO+doing,无逗号的情况下doing是针对宾语的动作,96AC(OG says : assuring针对主语有问题,121C,146E,222A(OG says: enabling很好的修饰了宾语,234B,237E -------以上证明了ets的偏好,svo+doing修饰主语是模糊的,修饰宾语是清晰的
2.SVO, doing有逗号,33B,39C(Og says:protecting很好的
解释了主语的行为,44B,120E(Og says:错误选项有可能混淆的指代主语而不是逻辑上正确的宾语,163D(Og says:sleeping正确的修饰了主语,256B --------以上证明了在Og中svo,doing的doing多指代主语
3.svo,doing有逗号,78BD(doing指代了前面整个句子的行为,119B(同前,154A(*,259A(同前------------以上证明了Og中svo,doing的doing多指代前面的整个句子
四.例子
产生participle phrases原点是为了to reduce wordiness by replacing longer adverbial or relative clauses,另外要强调的重要讯息不会写成participle phrases,因为分词修饰语属于次等地位(The
modifier is subordinate to the main clause。也就是说A….and B…(A与B一样重要,如果A…V..,B...Ving (就重要性而言A>B
简单一句:分词构句是主要句子的意义延伸。
目前我看到有几种句意:
1. 因果(★★★★★
2. 补述:解释某事(★★★、描述状态并列或伴随(★★、纯举例
participle
phrases如此具困扰性是因为可以改写的来源多
1.由adj. clauses (如who, which开头可改写成分词词组。考题中可分形容词子句限制性、非限制性改分词的考法。
2. 副词子句(有连接词开头的也可改分词词组,所以有因果关系或时间关系,单纯就时间关系看,可以有先后或同时,会有动作是伴随或是并列关系。
3.当三个以上的动词用and相连时,后面的部分也改写成分词(V, Ving... and Ving...。
我看过的说法中,觉得Manhatan GMAT备考网站,里面指导员所讲的分词概念不错,但是他的目的在卖书,所以讲的真的不多。
1.当分词构句放句首,修饰后面句子的主词。前几天看到有人发帖的整理,讲到分词在句首,表示此动作先于主要句子的动作,讲的真好。
2.当分词构句不放在句首时:
if
there's NO COMMA before a participle, then the participle creates an adjective phrase that modifies the noun immediately
preceding.
if
there's a COMMA before a participle, then the participle creates an adverb phrase that modifies the action of the preceding
clause.
PS:逗号的产生可能是插入语,遇到插入语可以跳过不看,不代表分词修饰这个插入语。
判断上抓前句的动词与主词,如果用中文想就是「此主体这个动作的行为导致或表示.....」(to modify the action of。而且不可以只有思考主词或动词。 如果遇到前句有数个动词,以找最近的动词为主,譬如V1 to V2,分词构句修饰V2
3.
participle (V-ing after the comma can not modify the subject of the preceding clause's
noun.
這個考「什么情况下不可以改成分词构句?」除了需要有对等连接词的句子,不可改分词构句,因为句意重要性会被改变外,
打逗号的Ving分词,无法修饰逗号之前的名词,所以非限制的形容词子句最好不要改分词Ving构句(有7個考題,但是Ved分词例外(有两个考题。
又到吃饭的时候了,桌上摆着新鲜的白灼虾,诱人的红烧肉,绿油油的小青菜,还有一大锅炖了好久的排骨汤,真是荤素搭配,营养丰富,一看就是外公外婆精心为我准备的。外婆在一边不停地对我说“多吃点虾,长高个,喝点排骨汤,补钙的,再吃点蔬菜,补充维C……”哎,我一直对大人们这种“填鸭”式喂养有意见,我看着满桌丰盛的菜肴一点胃口也没有,慢吞吞地嚼着饭,满脑子里只有牛排汉堡。外公看我一副不乐意的样子,不高兴地说:“你这孩子真是身在福中不知福,***妈在你这么大的时候,不管买什么东西都要凭票,买肉要肉票,买米要粮票……全是由国家统一分配,想多买些肉都不行。 ”“是啊!是啊!”爸爸也在一边接着说,“如果我小时候天天有鸡蛋吃牛奶喝,我还会长得更高些!”一直没开口的妈妈说话了,“吃饭的时候别教育孩子,会消化不良的。”还是妈妈好啊!可我又听到妈妈接着说“赵怡霖,多吃点,你看你瘦得……”看着四个大人围着我,四张嘴说个不停,我只好一声不吭,谁叫我长得像根小豆芽菜呢?他们也是为了我有个好身体,想给我增加营养啊!哎,这就是我们家,每次吃饭最后都变成了忆苦思甜。不过,我觉得他们说得也有道理,我们现在的生活确实像掉进了蜜罐里,我也十分庆幸,我生活在幸运的年代,能过着幸福的生活。外公这个老党员曾告诉我:“这都是党的功劳!” 是党,让我们的生活更美好!如果把党比作阳光,那我们就是花儿,花儿在阳光下茁壮生长,我们在党的关怀下幸福成长。我们要像花儿吸取养料一样,不断汲取知识,学好本领,将来报效祖国。我坚信,在我们不懈的努力下,祖国的明天会更美好!
一开始,我们一家人围坐在餐桌旁,开始互相寒暄。爸爸关切地问爷爷奶奶:“爸,妈,您们最近身体好吗?”“挺好的,不用担心。”然后爷爷奶奶就询问爸爸工作上的情况、我的学习等等。接着外公又嘱咐我说初三学习固然很紧要,但也一定要注意休息。总之,无非叙些家长里短不久,外婆和妈妈陆陆续续端来几道美味的菜,大家就又连连称赞。本来,我以为难得过节能这样一家人齐聚一堂,应该彼此有很多话想说,但谁知菜一上齐,大家就渐渐沉默了。有的开始只顾着看电视上的春晚,有的开始一心看手机新闻,最过分的是,连“吃”这一基本环节都被影响了,姑妈说:“各位稍等,请先别起筷,待我拍个照片发朋友圈。”她非但要将整桌子的菜摆成好看的形状,拍个“全家福”。还要给每一道菜都拍个特写。别人还可,两个年幼的表弟表妹可饿得等不及了,表妹撅起小嘴,抗议道:“这样光拍照,不吃,有什么意思呢?”惹得大家都乐了。
终于大家起筷,餐桌周围陷入了与春节的热闹气氛好不相衬的沉默之中。除了电视的声音,和手机的按键声,没有什么声音,偶尔有人在手机上看到有意思的新闻,说出来分享一下,也不过大家略议论几句就又安静下来了。别人没话说,表弟表妹可是非常想和大家聊天。他们不停的呼唤,餐桌旁的每一个人都喊了个遍,可是没有得到丝毫关注。最后,表弟无奈地说:“他们怎么都不理我们呢?不如我们两个一块儿玩算了。”于是两个小朋友就闷闷不乐地离开餐桌,一起到客厅玩玩具去了。
饭后,姑妈让我们上微信给她发的照片点赞。于是爸爸就找到她发的照片,给她点了赞。我看到照片旁还配了文字:“团年饭,一家人欢聚一堂,真是其乐融融!”可是,今晚大家都只顾着做自己的事情,餐桌旁缺少了应有的欢声笑语,只有尴尬的沉默,这样也能叫其乐融融吗?
餐桌前的谈话,不仅仅只是亲人之间的闲谈,更是寄托着亲人之间的爱与关怀。现在,交通条件比从前发得多,团圆已经并非难事。可是人们普遍变得更加浮躁,整天忙于做自己的事情,不懂得珍惜与家人团聚的时光,所以即使是在本该身心放松,与家人谈笑的聚餐时光,都只顾着看电视、玩手机等等,餐桌前的谈话就越来越少了。团圆的意味渐渐失去了。
一家人在餐桌前一齐吃饭,这是一幅美好的画面,而其中最美好的\',便是餐桌前的谈话。我衷心希望有一天,餐桌前又总能听见温馨的谈话声。
一天晚上,爷爷奶奶和我们一家坐在饭桌前聊天。
爷爷说:“我有一个笑话,是这样的。有一辆公共汽车在路上开着,司机看见一位乘客带了三个矿泉水瓶,瓶子里装满了红彤彤的东西。过了一会儿,那个乘客下车了,可是,他并没有把三个矿泉水瓶带走。司机以为那个人是坏人,他留下的是炸弹,马上报警,说自己的车里有‘不明爆炸物’。警察一听,马上让公交车司机把车子开到野外,等他们过来。司机马上把车上的人员疏散了,把车子开到野外。不到几分钟,警察就赶到了现场,总共有一百多个呢!而且他们还派出了防爆机器人。机器人来到车子里面,拿起那一个矿泉水瓶,拧开盖子,倒出来,大家一看,并不是什么不明爆炸物,而是一些鱼生,警察哭笑不得,白白虚惊一场。他们就把剩下的鱼生带回去,分了吃。”爸爸妈妈听了哈哈大笑,就我听不懂温州话,莫名其妙。妈妈帮我翻译了一遍,我也开心地笑了。
奶奶看大家高兴,也说:“我也有一个故事要讲。有一个人,抱着一只小猫,想坐公交车,可是,车上的人都不让他上车,因为猫身上的病菌可能会传给人类。可他偏要上。正在他们争得不可开交的时候,后面来了一辆一样的公交车,人们纷纷下车转到了那辆车上。这个人发现自己已经引起公愤,抱着猫走了。这个故事告诉我们,做人不能太自私,自私的人不会有朋友。”
我们家的饭桌上,爷爷时常讲百科知识,生活故事,奶奶讲道听途说的趣事。爸爸妈妈常常提醒我,这些都是写作文的材料。我在饭桌上也学到了东西。
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