要想准确把握说明顺序很简单,只要明确各种说明顺序适合哪类说明文就能很容易判断出来。常见说明顺序有:时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。
1、抓修饰、限制性词语,揣摩其准确性、严密性
说明文语言的准确性往往体现在一些副词、连词、形容词、数量词以及限制性词和短语上,如只有、全、最主要、最等,这些词语从时间、范围、数量等方面起到修饰限制作用。
2、抓模糊语言的运用,其准确性
如大约、可能、左右等。
3、考题形式
①加点字有何作用?②加点字或词语能否换成另一个词?并说明理由。③加点词(限制性)可否删去?为什么?
4、答题模式
①准确(生动形象地)说明了的的特征(或事理)。②不可以换;原词的意思是,所换之词的意思是,换了后意思就变成了;与实际不符。③不能删除;如比较、几乎、相当等词表程度;大约、可能、左右等表估计;多、有余等表数量;若删去,原来的意思就变成了,与实际不符,太绝对了;体现了说明文语言的准确性和严密性。
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
如果漫画所传达的是抽象的人生哲理,那么考生在论述时最好能举出具体的事例,尽量避免空洞的说教。比如,就本次四级作文第二道题目而言,考生可以在第二段中举出一些成功人士如何从小事做起的例子。笔者下面提供的范文中用到的是哈兰·桑德斯上校从一个小吃店做起,最后缔造出遍布全球的肯德基快餐帝国的例子,用以证明只有从小事做起,才能成就大事。请看下面的范文。
Everything is smallbefore it is big. A good example is KFC. In 1930 Colonel Harland Sanders beganserving food to his service station customers in Corbin, a city in Kentucky. He fried chicken in his own kitchen andperfected his secret recipe there. From the small roadside eatery, he went on to build an empire of fast food.
如“大约、可能、左右”等。
Directions: For this part, you’re allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description ofthe picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
审题:本题的漫画反映的是一个社会现象。在漫画中,老师把一本厚厚的书交给学生,并对他说:“Just think of it as if you’re reading a longtext-message.”结合题目中的写作指令(express your views on theimportance of reading literature),考生可以得出这幅漫画所反映的社会现象:随着新的电子媒体的出现,文学阅读日渐式微。需要提醒考生的是,漫画中的text-message象征着当代层出不穷的新媒体,这里并不需要对其做过于狭隘的理解。
1、具备初步的知识迁移能力,能较熟练地利用课内学到的知识分析课外语段或短语
2、弄清记叙的六个要素
3、明确记叙的顺序和人称
4、记叙文的基本结构(材料的主次与详略,过渡与照应,线索、层次)
5、记叙文中的.表达方式
6、能结合语境理解和辨析一些关键字词,重点语句的含义及其作用
7、对两个或两个以上有某些相似之处的段落或文章进行比较
四级漫画作文中的漫画通常反映一个社会现象或生活哲理,要求考生根据自己对漫画的理解来写作。因此,要写好四级漫画作文,审题格外重要。考生在下笔之前要仔细看漫画,弄清漫画的寓意,这是文章切题的保证。此外,在本次四级考试的三道写作题中,Directions部分都给出了写作内容的大致方向,这也为考生把握漫画寓意提供了帮助。下面就来逐一梳理2013年6月四级作文的三幅漫画及其传达的寓意。
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