《活着》这部小说所讲述的,是一个荒诞却又真实的故事。这部小说的主题与内涵,一向是一个很有争议的话题,许多人都认为这部小说太过于消极,过于沉重,对读者可能会产生负面的影响。会有这样的评论也是难免的,因为的确,这部小说从头至尾都浸没在一种杯具的气氛中,主人公富贵的一生是痛苦的,悲惨的,他的亲人一个个的离他而去,他生命中那些难得的温情一次次的被死亡撕扯地粉碎。读者读完整部小说,合上书本,看到封面上小说的题目——活着二字时,都会思索:活着的意义究竟是什么?是否像主人富贵一样,活着就是为了承受活着的痛苦?
另外,小说的结局——富贵和老牛一齐生活,似乎也暗示着一种消极的观点:人和动物的生命价值是一样的,并没有什么区别,存在在这个世界上仅仅是一种活着的状态而已。然而我认为上述观点并不完全准确,主人公的生命如此悲惨,但他从未放弃,一向坚持活下去,无论或者是多么辛苦。所以我认为作者想要告诉我们的,是这样一个道理:活着虽然充满了苦难,但路还得走下去。
余华在书中写道:“活着的力量不是来自于叫喊,也不是来自于进攻,而失去忍受,去忍受生命赋予人们的职责。”职责,是活着的意义,也许生命有些事你无法预料,无法改变,可是更多的是需要你去负责,去担当。所以不论活着多么痛苦,你都要活下去,为了你爱的人和爱你的人,活着这件事本身也是你的职责。
1。 It is considered /thought that人们(有人,大家)认为
2。 It is generally /usually accepted /agreed/recognized that普遍(一般,通常)认为
3。 It is believed that有人(人们,大家)相信
4。 It is well—known that大家知道(众所周知)
5。 It is said that据说(有人说)
6。 It is learned that据闻(悉)
7。 It is supposed that据推测
8。 It is estimated/predicted/calculated that据估计(预计)
9。 It must be pointed that必须指出
10。 It is reported that据报道
11。 It must be admitted that必须承认
12。 It will be seen that可见(可以看出)
13。 It will be seen from this that由此可见
14。 It is understood that不用说(都知道)
15。 It can not be denied that无可否认
16。 It has been proved/demonstrated that已经证明
17。 It may be confirmed that可以肯定
18。 It may be safely said that可以有把握地说
19。 It is sometimes asked that人们有时会问
20。 It is expected that/hoped that人们希望
21。 When it comes to要说到,要谈及
早上泡在图书馆看完了余华的《活着》。我不明白该怎样去评价福贵这个人,说他不幸,他却度过了最为漫长而黑暗的一夜,乐观而坚强地活着;说他幸运,他又亲手埋葬了自我所有的亲人,只剩一头比他年纪还大的病牛陪伴着。
我看到两个福贵一样黝黑的脊背在余晖中发光,听到老人用浑浊的嗓音在空旷的田野间响起:少年去游荡,中年想掘藏,老年做和尚。整本书以老人的叙述为主,作者和我都是旁听者,坐在午时的山头上,听老人默默细数。正如作者所说,很少有人能这么详细地讲述自我的一生,我想这大概是因为福贵这大半辈子都用在回忆过去了,一个人守着7个人的人生,不断在脑海中放映,无论巨细。就像书中有这样一个情节,老人福贵责骂老牛福贵道:“今日有庆,家珍耕了2亩田,苦根还小,也耕了1亩田,你呢,我明白你年纪大了,也就不说出来羞你了。”我不解,明明那里就仅有一人一牛,哪儿来的那么多名字?福贵得意地解释说,:“如果它(牛)明白仅有它在耕作,就会偷懒的。”呵,多么趣味而忧伤的画面,其实福贵和他的牛一样,他们都假想着自我的亲人还在,所以从来不曾忘记。
故事的最终,黄昏正在转瞬即逝,黑夜从天而降了。我仿佛是想要哭出来的,但却又觉得连福贵自我都从未哭泣过,我又在那里流着谁的眼泪呢?
原先,《活着》便是最好的幸运,亦是最大的勇气。
人活着,其实只是活给自己看,与他人无关。
曾经有人问我,人活着的意义到底是什么。既然来到人世间,尝遍了该有的苦楚,流过数不清次数的眼泪,生活依旧过得不好,那活着到底还有什么意义了?我仔细回忆过往,似乎还找不到理由说服自己。
少年福贵败光家产后,他的父亲也离他而去,少年福贵还没从“少爷”这个身份里转换出来,就迫不得已要接过父亲的担子,扛起这一大家庭的责任。正是这一人生的第一个大变故,使得他认识了作为一个丈夫,学会支持起整个家庭。
在毛草屋里生活,妻子家珍的不离不弃,为他生下有庆,尽管丈夫曾经的糊涂,但毅然然用生命奏响了爱与责任,理解与宽容。福贵远去里寻医,却被拉为壮丁。两年的颠沛流离,在战火的洗礼中,渐渐明白了生存的含义:家乡有自己的亲人,只要活着,就能见到他们。
几年后回来,母亲已经去世,女儿也因一场高烧不会讲话,但好歹四人团聚了。又因饥荒,被迫无奈把女儿送给别人。女儿逃回了家,他们再也狠不下心了。先是妻子病倒了,后来儿子又因献血过多死了。好不容易有了一个勤恳的女婿,女儿又因难产去世。不久妻子也去世了,只留下一个外孙。
本还可勉强过上好日子,女婿却因工地失误丢了性命。福贵拉扯着外孙长大,却因为一个自己都不敢相信的失误——豆子煮多了——外孙被吃撑死了。
就这样,亲人接二连三地去世,这样的遭遇,苦不堪言。他沉浸在痛苦中迟迟不肯走出,泪水浸湿了衣襟。
福贵经历人生最大的痛苦,当他看着亲人离自己而去时,心里就像被刀割般的痛,割的很深,痛在全身,鲜血都流出来了……但他却奇迹般地挺了过来。还比往日活得更加洒脱与坚强。
人活着,其实只是活給自己看……
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
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