提到军训,你一定会联想到“地狱”吧!真是英雄所见略同呀!
距军训还有30天30分30秒
传说中最恐怖的军训将要来临了,最大的特点就是无聊和忙碌。根据上届师哥师姐所提供的情报:面对军训第一要做好充足的心理准备;第二那里条件非常差,要被好足够的日常用品;第三一定要有消磨时间的东西,因为军训的第一个晚上的失眠率高达83.33%。
距军训还有28天29分04秒
“快出来吃早餐了!”妈妈说道。“哦!知道了!”我大喊了一声,但还在纸上奋笔疾书。你猜我在干嘛呢?写作业?错!写日记?错!我在写“我不怕!”虽然太天真了,但是没错,我正在做军训的心理准备,调节自己的情绪呢!
距军训还有20天38分07秒
此时,我正面对着电脑显示器下载mp3呢!mp3是军训最实用的解闷工具,在车上可以听,在床上可以听,刷牙的时候可以听,最重要的是失眠的`时候可以听!为了下载音乐,耗了我家好多电费呢!还挨老妈批评了一顿。更可卑的是:我竟然花了整整10天才把这项工作准备好。
距军训还有10天27分13秒
“怎么那么久都没有见你看书,快回房间看书。”妈妈吼道。我只好乖乖地回房,但是我是不会看书的!我喜欢看书,还向同学借了几本书呢,但是我现在不能看呀!这些书是留到军训时看的,所以……我坚决不看。书已经准备好了,可是,好象还缺点什么?对了,电筒!想想在阴森森的宿舍里,如果开着灯看书,不仅会影响到其他同学,还会把老师引来……所以,我需要一个电筒。于是从口袋里掏出一些money,冲向商店。
距军训还有05天28分60秒
太阳这几天最为火辣,要是在太阳底下站上一两个小时,也许就成为“传说中的非洲难民”了!在这样的天气里当然少不了防晒霜啦!虽然我的皮肤不白,但是为了避免成为“包黑炭”,我还得把它给带上。
距军训还有02天39分59秒
这时我正穿上鞋子出门购物呢!今天妈妈带我去买日常用品,我也顺便在超市里捡了四瓶饮料。奇怪的是,妈妈竟然同意了……
距军训还有1天0分0秒
现在,我正在收拾东西呢!妈妈竟然夸张地拿出了行李箱,把枕头、铺盖全塞进去了,当然我可爱的四凭饮料也在那箱子里,只可怜我那几本课外书,却只能装下两本……现在是完事具备,只差时间还没到了……
一分钟过去了……我躺在床上。
两分钟过去了……我的眼睛闭上了……沉睡着……
距军训还有00天30分01秒
“雨伞带了吗?纸巾带了吗?书呢?桶、席子全好了吗?”妈妈说道。
“好了,好了,我要去学校了。”我说。
我好象有想起什么,对,钱,妈妈还没有给钱我呢!还没等我开口,妈妈就从钱包里掏出一张50圆的钞票给我。
“我走了!”
“记住!晚上睡觉要好盖东西,在那里的饭吃不饱要自己买东西吃……”妈妈说道。这话怎么那么熟悉啊?妈妈这话说了不止一遍了,原来去年夏令营,妈妈也说过。
“我知道了,再见!”我打断了妈妈的话,根据我的多年经验,如果让妈妈说下去,恐怕到明天还没完呢!
距军训还有00天06分01秒
上车了,这时我听着mp3向目的地出发!
你们好!
我是唐河县三初中二·六班的付金燕。我知道你们现在正在为中考而努力,你们即将奔赴到“战场”上,一展你们多年奋斗努力的才华!我记得一位诗人 曾说过:“人的一生虽然漫长,但紧要之处只有几步。特别是在年轻的时候!”你们如果没有捉住年轻时的光阴,在青少年时期没有做到正确的选择未来和理想,错 过了好的发展机遇,那么自己的一生道路将会坎坷不平,你们也会为此悔恨终生!所以现在就要树立正确的人生目标和理想,始终不要放弃,坚定信心,鼓起勇气, 克服困难!在求知的道路上绝不停顿,让自己不断的打破常规,不断地向高层次冲刺,使我们的文化知识不断的丰富,进而改进学习策略!
珍视每一天,奋斗每一天,用奋斗铸就希望,用拼搏实现梦想!用你们的责任和使命去谱写青春的乐章!!请你们拿出勇气,拿出智慧,以最好的'状态去书写属于你们自己的辉煌篇章!
假如你们金榜题名,那么我祝贺你们,因为你们没有让你的青春白白的浪费掉;假如你们落榜了,那么我也祝贺你们,因为我知道,通过这次的人生考 验,你们一定会变得成熟起来的。其实,人生的机遇很多,如果真的有一次失去了,这样并不意味着人生的所有机遇都将会与你擦肩而过!人生的路途上,要经历的 考验太多太多了,又何止只是一个小小的!而你们要做的只有学习,珍惜每一分每一秒,放弃了时间,失去了知识;放弃了严格的要求,失去了自己的美德;放 弃了真诚,失去了友谊;放弃了今天,失去将会是你的未来和希望!
所以不管你是成功还是失败,请永远牢记;决定命运的并不是中考而是智力与毅力的较量,亦是心理素质的较量。你们在顽强拼搏的同时,也要注意调整心态,以一颗平常的心面对中考!认真目标,放飞理想!为自己的未来铺上一段金灿灿的道路!
唐河县三初中二六班:付金燕
20xx年9月7日
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
当然,开头运用景物描写,要注意三个方面:一是写景的文字不能过多,不能一写到景物,就没完没了,无始无终,结果,景物写了很多,显得头大身子小,文章不匀称;二是要重点突出,主要景物多写一些,次要景物点一下即可,不能样样都写,结果都没有写好;三是写景是为人和事服务的,要与文中所写的人和事有密切关联,景与人事不能脱节,更不能把景物写成了文章的累赘。
请看下面这个开头:
瓦蓝瓦蓝的天,丝丝缕缕的轻云如烟般缭绕,夕阳的光辉洒满田间,万条金线接天浮动,玫瑰色的光彩,映在绿得发黑的菜上,叶面上像抹了一层油,亮闪闪的。
这段文字,是习作《路过天堂》的开头,用的.全是景物描写,主要是仰视之景,夕阳下的美景,蓝天、轻云、夕照的光彩、碧绿的菜叶,渲染了美好的情境,为写“我”下文“路过天堂寨”提供了优美的环境背景。读后有身临其境之感,令人心驰神往,显然是一个好的开头。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
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