一个组织通过明确各部分的职能,并通过各部分及相互之间的制度设计就可以让组织有序有序运行。然而,要真正形成良好的良好的组织能力,还需要添加一些特有的机制,花气力去撬动学校组织能力的油门。
要提高学校的组织活力,需要完善组织的薪酬体系、荣誉体系与职称晋升机制,让三者一起成为组织的发动机,在设计过程中,要让员工的职级变化,与他们的努力程度和技能水平形成合理的因果关系。此外,学校还应通过划小组织单元,利用责权利等边原则给小组织单元分权,来增强组织的活力。学校还要加强预算管理,矩阵管理,在学校创设竞合关系,来提高学校的组织能力。
一所学校缺乏对学生成长规律的敬畏,没有始终坚守的核心价值观,就一定会让教师无所适从,组织能力也难以形成。一所学校的价值观,应该立足于服务学生成长,并通过毕业生为社会服务。在学校里,应该有两把尺子:一把是“为了学校,还是为了学生;另一把“方便教,还是为了学”。每一位老师,特别是学校的管理者,每当开展活动、组织一项工作、开展一次教育的时候,都应该用这两把尺子来衡量,以防止价值观的扭曲。
“穷则变,变则通,通则久”。任何组织都需要发起一次次的变革,因为我们所处的世界无时无刻不在发生变化,学校更是这样。作为学校管理者,需要抓住变革时机,通过搭建变革的第三空间,通过一次次的变革,最终实现组织再造,找到持续成长的秘方。
有人说,学校最大的风险是校长,学校最大的瓶颈往往也是校长。一位优秀的领导者,必须坚定地与自我感觉良好告别,时刻对自己和自己所领导的组织保持警觉,把培育自己内心强大的哨兵,作为自己工作的常态。真正的领导者将自我放到一边,竭力去培养超越自己的继任者。他们做好规划,在他们依旧以最快速度奔跑的情况下,淡然自若地将接力棒传递下去。这应该是一位领导者应该追求地境界。也只有这样,一个组织才能在应对巨大的时代之变时永葆活力,基业长青。
没有一个人天生就具有管理能力,也没有一个人天生就具有领导才能,管理能力是在不断地学习和实践中获得的。李希贵老师的《学校如何运转》从组织结构入手,既把学校管理的科学特性梳理出来,也为我提供了方法和工作模型,对我极有启发和帮助,我会在今后的学校管理中加以实践,下大力气去撬动学校发展的油门,让学校高效运转。
Time flies like an arrow before we realize it .It is known that nothing is more precious than time. The good old proverb "time is money" reminds us that time is valuable. When time goes by, it will never return. However, it is a pity that some people don't make full use of their time .They spend a lot of time in sleeping, chatting playing computer games or other unmeaning matters. . They don't realize that wasting time is actually equal to killing themselves. They always regret not having made great achievements. One of the reasons may be they do not make good use of time. Therefore, in order to be successful, they should first get into the habit of being on time. It’s a sign of cherishing time. Don't put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure. Don't wait, because you don't know how long it will take when you put off your plan.
The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in study or job.
Expert tips on how to prevent avian influenza H7N9 collated by current argument data dictionary
1.平时加强体育锻炼,多休息,避免过度劳累,不吸烟,勤洗手;注意个人卫生,打喷嚏或咳嗽时掩住口鼻。
1 usually strengthen physical exercise, rest more, avoid excessive overworked, do not smoke, wash their hands; pay attention to personal hygiene, when sneezing or coughing and cover your nose and mouth.
2.保持室内清洁,使用消毒液清洗的地毯,避免使用难以清洗的地毯,保持地面、天花板、家具及墙壁清洁,确保排水道通畅;保持室内空气流通,应每天开窗换气两次,每次至少10分钟,或使用抽气扇保持空气流通;尽量少去 空气不流通的场所。
2 keep the room clean, use disinfectant cleaning carpets, avoid the use of hard to clean the carpet, keep the floor, ceiling, furniture and walls clean, to ensure smooth drainage channel; maintains the indoor air circulation, ventilation windows should be at least two times a day, 10 minutes each time, or use a fan to keep air circulation; as little as possible to airless places.
3.注意饮食卫生,进食禽肉、蛋类要彻底煮熟,加工、保存食物时要注意生、熟分开;养成良好的卫生习惯,搞好厨房卫生,不生食禽肉和内脏。解剖活(死家禽、家畜及其制品后要彻底洗手。
3, pay attention to food hygiene, eating meat, eggs should be thoroughly cooked, processing, preservation of food to the attention of raw, cooked separately; develop good health habits, good kitchen hygiene, do not eat raw poultry meat and offal. Anatomy of living (dead to wash hands thoroughly, livestock and poultry products.
同时,在户外洗手不方便的时候,可以使用免洗洗手液,随身携带,随时随地隔离病菌,呵护您的健康。
At the same time, when the outdoor hand-washing is not convenient, can use hand sanitizer, carry whenever and wherever possible, isolate the pathogen, take care of your health.
4.发现疫情时,应尽量避免与禽类接触;公众特别是儿童应避免密切接触家禽和野禽。
4 found in the epidemic, should avoid contact with poultry; the public especially children should avoid close contact with poultry and wild birds.
5.注意生活用具的消毒处理。禽流感病毒不耐热,100°C下一分钟即可灭活。对干燥、紫外线照射、汞、氯等常用消毒药都很敏感。
5 pay attention to disinfection and living appliances. Avian influenza viruses do not heat, 100 ° C, one minute can be inact
Time flies like an arrow before we realize it .It is known that nothing is more precious than time. The good old proverb "time is money" reminds us that time is valuable. When time goes by, it will never return. However, it is a pity that some people don't make full use of their time .They spend a lot of time in sleeping, chatting, playing computer games or other unmeaning matters. . They don't realize that wasting time is actually equal to killing themselves. They always regret not having made great achievements. One of the reasons may be they do not make good use of time. Therefore, in order to be successful, they should first get into the habit of being on time. It’s a sign of cherishing time. Don't put off what can be done today until tomorrow. Being lazy will eventually lead to failure. Don't wait, because you don't know how long it will take when you put off your plan.
俗话说的好:“不爱惜时间,就等于不爱惜生命。”由此可见,时间是多么的珍贵,多么的重要。但,要如何把握时间,将每一分、每一秒都用上呢?
首先,我们要先规划行程表,写出一天中想做的事。因为如果没有明确的记录下来,就没办法有效率的完成所有工作了。
下一步,也是最重要的一件事──有效率的实行,将行程表上的`工作,一步接着一步的完成,而且要把握每一刻,让事情能更快解决。例如在等公车时可以多看点书,丰富自己的知识;休息时间可以帮忙打扫,让整个家变得一尘不染,这些正是善用时间的好例子。
总而言之,我们要好好的利用时间,充实生活。就因为时间是一去不返的,所以只能把握住每一刻,不能只是想着要再拖一下,才不会一事无成。
莎士比亚曾说过:“时间的脚步,不会因为我们有许多事情要做,而稍作停留。”因此,我们更应该要好好把握我们所拥有的时时刻刻,努力当个能珍惜时间并善用时间的好主人吧!
一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特。关于李希贵校长的《学校如何运转》,不同的人就有不同的读后感。
前前后后读过李希贵校长的《面向个体的教育》、《非常理想,特别现实》、《李希贵的教育艺术》、《重新定义学校》等书,读他的书籍总觉得耳目一新,心潮澎湃;我也亲自聆听了他关于教育改革的几场讲座,我觉得:《学校如何运转》可谓是他学校管理诸多思考和实践的集大成者,让人心生钦佩,仰而视之。
作为一名普通教师,读完这本书,我对学校的组织结构和运行机制有了更清晰的认识,同时也学习到一种从生态学视角和系统思维认识学校运转的思想方法。
启示一:学校运转的基本思想方法
学校运转的基本思想方法之一就是系统思维。
为什么这么说?因为本书前言主要围绕“结构”来谈。那么什么是结构?什么是学校的结构?
翻阅资料,发现:结构——组成整体的各部分的搭配和安排(百度百科基本解释),引申为着眼于系统并发挥系统组成要素的作用,即系统思维。那么系统思维是怎样一种思维模式呢?系统思维指整体地、动态地、连续地思考问题的思维模式,是在复杂的动态系统中的一种以简驭繁的智慧。
所以强调:第一要全盘考虑;第二要考虑所有的可能性,并作出预案;第三要连续推事件的走向,作出预测。
学校有其自身的生命规律,要维持其运转,需要战略思考和系统设计,需要涉及全要素的组织结构变革。敬佩李希贵校长,他能跳出学校的具体形态,从普通意义上组织的角度来审视学校。
启示二:为学校做好顶层设计
李希贵校长根据管理学家明茨伯格的理论,从结构与功能的角度把学校分成具有5个部分的组织,然后按照这个结构怎么有效的运行,提出了他的一些想法,包括组织的薪酬体系,荣誉体系,晋升体系,组织的预算管理,矩阵管理,组织的竞争与合作,组织的价值观等。在书中,十一学校所有工作人员的组织结构被划分为五个部分,其中“战略高层”是学校的“大脑”,“教育教学一线”是学校“立足”和存在的基础,“支持人员”和“研发平台”就像学校的“四肢”,中层管理者是学校的“躯干”。
建立这样的学校治理结构,是因为学校最重要的三个元素分别是治理结构、课程和教师。三个元素两两相遇,它就形成了一种生态,形成一种老师和学生创新性的生长,形成一种多元化个性化的生态环境。而无论它怎样发展,它始终是以学生为中心。
因为当治理结构和课程相遇就产生了个性化的成长系统,给学生带来不一样的成长路径;当课程和老师相遇,就会产生支持每一位不同学习路径的学生学习支持系统;当老师和学校的治理结构相遇时,就会使这个领域产生教育教学创新和教师专业成长的系统。当这三个系统不断的升级优化,学校的治理结构也就随之不断反思和自我完善。
启示三:价值引领
理想很丰满,现实很骨感。当前社会各种思想意识形态的冲击,让教育变得不那么纯粹,让老师也不再只埋头教书。
根据马斯诺的需求理论,在物质等低层次需要实现后,每个人还有尊重的需要和自我实现的需要的高级需要,而且一个人对尊重和自我实现的需要是无止境的。所以,构建起或者更加完善学校的教育哲学,激发或孕育教师的忠诚感、向心力和凝聚力,激发教师的内在动力,才是学校不断生长的根本所在。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
“撬动油门而不是轮子。”打开李希贵校长的《学校如何运转》这本书,扉页上的这一行字一下子吸引住了我的眼球,激起了我迫不及待读完这本书的***,读完了这本书,我被李希贵校长高超的管理艺术以及勇于变革的勇气所深深地折服。认真读了好几遍,每一次读,都有不同的感受,每一次读,都有不一样的思考。
这是一本学校管理学力作,这本书就如何从学校管理走向学校治理,如何构建学校的治理结构,如何提升学校治理的能级等做了深入的剖析。这些改革举措都在北京十一学校做过充分的探索,有很扎实的实践基础,对于各级教育管理者、中小学校长撬动学校油门,让学校高效运转,极有启发和帮助。
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