这篇习作想象非常新颖,小作者写体育老师如何当场“紧急处置”,从而觉得这节体育课不光锻炼了身体,还增加了急救知识,“值”。文中写老师的“镇定自若”,和同学们“一下子都慌了”形成鲜明对比,使体育老师给人们留下深刻的印象。结尾写大家更佩服王老师了,是发自内心的呼声。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
五星好评。如何阅读一本书?阅读应有目的、多提问。虽说阅读本身不是目的,但阅读应有目的。不管是为了获取知识,提升技能,还是为了消遣娱乐打发时间,在阅读之前都应想好自己此番阅读的目的。漫无目的的阅读就像一次没有计划的旅行,旅行的意义在于旅行前的期待,旅行中期待的满足,和旅行后的回忆,阅读亦然。而提问,则激发了阅读中的求知欲,使文字与读者融为一体。
目的是前提,提问是方法。当有了阅读目的,一切都应围绕它展开,我们可以通过检视阅读挑选出符合阅读目的的书籍。检视阅读即略读,通过检视阅读我们可以了解书的类型体裁和主要内容及各章节重点,这样不仅能知道这本书符不符合阅读目的,还能选出重点,以便在阅读时略读和精读的灵活运用。进行了检视阅读便可进入下一步——分析阅读。分析阅读也是正式阅读,通过分析阅读,我们可以深入理解整本书。
在分析阅读时,读者应提出读书四问”:第一,这本书讲了什么?第二,这本书的主旨是什么?第三,这本书有没有道理?第四,这本书与我有什么联系?回答第一个问题,读者应明确本书类型,能用简要的语言概括文章主要内容,不仅如此,还要列出文章大纲,并对每一大纲列举出新的纲要。回答第二个问题,读者不仅要明白作者的主旨,还要建立属于自己的主旨。第三个问题,这本书有没有道理,其实就是就对这本书的评论,应注意的'是,赞同和批评都应有理有据。第四个问题在于书本与读者的联系,即读者要学以致用。此外,除了这四个必要问题,读者在阅读一本书时应时刻提问,主动发掘知识,达到创新。
在阅读时,技巧也很重要。要集中注意力,懂得何时略读,何时精读,略读应怎么读,精读又应怎么读,如何做笔记,怎样画思维导图,主食、美食、果蔬、零食这四种不同类型的图书应有不同的侧重点。
最后,阅读最重要的是将书本上的知识转化成自己的知识,学以致用,学而创新。
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
In the case that recalls in me, have a lot of making the person of my admire, their good quality makes me admire. But, I most of admire is a stranger that has never met before with me however. Write down the weather is very coldly that day afternoon, but I am very warm however. Classessed are over that day, ought father receives me, but I look for the people that is less than him however. I am awaiting his arrival with respect to very patient ground. Waited 229 minutes, father did not come as before, but at this moment gate mouth already was absolutely empty, clean healthful also exposed his body in succession. I want to feel not right more more. Right now, I resemble an ants on a hot pan urgently, at this moment, a new aunt came, she asks: "Child, how? I look up look this aunt up and down: Stature is not tall, have furrow, all over the face smile. I tell her my difficulty like seeing emancipator, tell her the telephone number of my home, she was dialed. I tell father its course. In a few minutes, before a familiar face appears in me, it is father! I got on a car. Just when we want acknowledgment,this aunt sads however silence ground went. Is this aunt happy to aid the person, spirit that does not seek get one's own back to you can make me irreverent how is admire sent extremely?
上学、工作、生活都离不开读书,读书是我们一辈子都需要面对的事情,但很多人都不知道如何去阅读一本书。下面小编给大家带来《如何阅读一本书》读书笔记个人感悟,希望大家喜欢!
干货挺多,非常全面的去说明了什么是阅读,以及如何去更好的阅读。
对于更好的阅读,作者以四个层次去作了阐明。本书阅读周期挺长,大概按自己的理解总结下四个层次的阅读,可能与原文有所出入。
1、基础阅读:任何一个识字的人,都已在识字读句阶段已掌握的阅读,是最基本的阅读,不涉及读书技巧。
2、检视阅读:快速阅读或者粗读的另一种说法。这种阅读方式要求你在阅读的时候,要快速简略的读完。不要纠结于生僻字/一些难以理解的句子;不能回溯读已经读过的内容。通过这样的阅读,使得你能在读完后,可以回答1)这是一本什么书2)这本书主要讲述了一个怎么样的故事3)还想在读一遍吗?/这本书有趣吗?这个速度可以使用指画法/眼睛扫视法......
3、分析阅读:精读的另一种说法。通常一本书,在快速阅读完之后,如果值得再读,才会使用分析阅读。这个阶段就是通过分析阅读,把主要的主旨以及各个分论点都找出来,最后把全书的骨架架构出来,以笔记的形式呈现。
4、主题阅读:就一个话题而言的多种书籍的同时阅读。这样的阅读,一般用在研究某一个话题的时候才用到。这种阅读的第一步是拟一个书单,然后利用检视阅读去筛选合适的书单和重新整理话题。然后找出这些书籍的异同点,提取自己的论点。
今天看完了《如何阅读一本书》,受益匪浅。以前不断读书却总感觉不得要领的疑惑现在解决了,原来是阅读方法的问题。
书中提到读书的三个阶段:粗略阅读、分析阅读和主题阅读。这三个阶段是相互包含的,大部分人是停留在第一阶段。只是将书从头到尾看完,而书的主题、作者的中心思想、情节设计都未有深入理解,如此阅读只能从书中吸收到极少的知识和信息。
而分析阅读则是一句一句去分析书的情节、作者的意图、书的论述结构等,将书中的信息尽量挖掘出来。而主题阅读则更进一步,抓住一个主题,对相关主题的书进行分析阅读,并比较讨论。后面两个阶段很少人能够做到,而这才是最有价值的阅读方式。这样的阅读才不会让你觉得毫无所得。
当然,不是所有的书都适合这般大费周章去做,我只是单指那些高价值的书而已。那些不怎么重要的书只需翻翻即可。在《如何阅读一本书》中也提到要对书进行分类,判断书的价值。毕竟在当今这个信息爆炸的社会,书的数量浩如烟海,我们只需去认真阅读我们需要的书即可。
另外要注意工具书的应用,有时灵活运用工具书会帮助你更好地理解书的内容,进入作者的语境。
最后要在阅读完一本书后要写读书笔记,把对书的理解和感悟记录下来,最好再对书进行全面的评价,形成自己的观点。
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