每一套教材都代表着某一种教学理念和实践方法,教师在使用一套新教材之时,应站在编者的角度钻研全套教材,努力理解和领会教材编写者的教学思想和设计精神,把握教材的特点,使之在我们的教学中得以充分体现。与教材对话,首先要尊重教材,读透教材;与教材对话,更要超越教材,走向生活。我们不妨尝试“一课三案”:钻研教材,独立思考,形成“初案”;博采众长,融会贯通,写出“教案”;课后反思,精益求精,补充“另案”。
江苏版的《牛津小学英语》教材按照话题——功能——结构的体例编写,在备课时,我们可着力于话题生活化,功能结构协调化。在“初案”中,我们应该重点研读教材,明确教学语言与语境语言,把握关键语句与困难语句;在“教案”形成阶段,我们应分析语用因素,结合师情学情,选择设计各环节活动:课后,结合教学实际再回头看自己的教材解读,及时补充“另案”必不可少。“另案”中,可以反思一节课对教材处理的成功之举、败笔之处、学生感受,当然,对教材的“再教设计”是最终目的。我们对教材的研读应该追求从“有它无我”到“有它有我”,最后达到“有我无它”的洒脱境界。
位置在下面称呼语隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的是,正文中一般不用Hello!(你好!)
正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。
但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。
My father is a kind man. He is not very tall but he is a man of perseverance. He works very hard and his services are highly appreciated.
My father is a man of devotion. Every morning he gets up the earliest to make breakfast for us. In the evening, he is always the late to come back home. At weekends, he always takes us to go outing in his car. He is a man of few words, but he often says to me A little learning is a dangerous thing. I will always remember these words.
I love my father very much.
"Freedom and progress are the goals of art, just as they are the goal of our whole life," said the great musician Beethoven.
This winter holiday, I read a great book - celebrity biography. The book touched my heart deeply. The author of celebrity biography is French romain rolland. The book is composed of three biographies of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy.
Each of these three biographies enlighten me. One of the things that struck me most was Beethoven. Beethoven devoted his life to music, but fate always played a trick on him. He was sickly and sickly in his childhood. At the age of 3, hearing gradually declines, as a musician, this is a fatal blow, and his character, determined, does not bow to fate and continues to advance on the music road. Middle-aged, he hearing has completely recession, can only use to communicate with people, but this does not make him stop writing, but not to abandon all, into the arms of nature, continue to compose the immortal music chapter.
"Man, you must strive for yourself!" This is one of the words Beethoven tells people. Yes, people can't cling to vegetation, create life with tough, bold heart and create art! Read more book notes in YJBYS!
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