1。hereby
该词意为by means of , by reason of this, by this agreement,“特此”,“因此”,“兹”,“在此”。此词常用作法律、经贸文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语,在合同条款中需特别强调时也可用,表示当事人借此合约,要宣示某种具有法律效力的“意思表示”,如保证、同意、放弃权利等,一般放于主语后,紧邻主语。如:The Company hereby covenants and warrants that…… 意为:By this agreement the Company covenants and warrants that……即:公司在此保证……再如:Both parties hereby agree that……意为:By this agreement both parties agree that……即:双方当事人在此同意……
2。hereof
该词意为:of this agreement,“关于此点”;“在本文件中”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:to take effect on the date hereof 意为:to take effect on the date of this agreement 即:于本合约之日期生效。再如:the headings of the sections hereof 意为:the headings of the sections of this agreement 即:本合约各条款之标题。
3。hereto
该词意为:to this agreement,“至此”,“在此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同的……本文件的……”,一般置于要修饰的`名词的后面,与之紧邻。如:both parties hereto 意为both parties to this agreement,即本合约之当事人双方;items specified in Attachment I and hereto 意为:items specified in Attachment I to this agreement 即:本合约之附件I所列之各项。
4。herein
该词意为:in this agreement,“此中”,“于此”,表示上文已提及的“本合同(中)的……,本法(中)的……”等,一般置于所修饰词后,紧邻所修饰词。如:to file a suit in the court agreed to herein 意为:to file a suit in the court agreed to in this agreement 即:向当事人于本合约中同意管辖的法院提起诉讼;再如:to follow the terms and conditions herein 意为:to follow the terms and conditions in this agreement,即:遵守本合约所规定的条件。
5。hereinafter
该词意为:later in the same Contract,“以下”,“在下文”,一般与to be referred to as, referred to as, called 等词组连用,以避免重复。
6。hereunder
该词意为:under this agreement,“在本合约内”、“依据本合约”。如:obligations hereunder,意为obligations under this agreement,即“本合约内的义务”。再如:rights granted hereunder,意为rights granted under this agreement,即“依本合约所赋予的权利”。
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
The Spring Festival, Chinese New Year,is the most important festival for all of us. All family members get together on New Year'Eve to have a big meal.At the same time, everyone celebrates to each other.At about 12 o'clock,some parents and children light crackers.The whole sky is lighted brightly. We may watch the fireworks excitedly.How busy it is!
On the first early moring of one year, many senior citizen get up early and they stick the reversed Fu or hang some couplets on the front door. Some house's windows are sticked on red paper cutlings.
The Chinese New Year lasts fifteen days. So during the fifteen days, we always visit our relatives from door to door. At that time, children are the happiest because they can get many red packets form their parents,grandparents, uncles, aunts and so on. The last day of the Chinese New Year is another festival. It names the Lantern Festival.
So the Chinese New Year comes to the end.
大赛开始了,教室里弥漫着紧张的.气息,虽然我对这次大赛胜券在握,但还是紧张得不时冒冷汗,生怕老师考到我不熟悉的词。老师开始考单词了,我的心怦怦乱跳,果然不出我所料,老师考了一个平时很少用的单词,这个单词本来我很熟悉,可是,不管我怎么努力就是想不起来,这可如何是好?我急得直跺脚,心跳加快,心好像就要从我身体里跳出来了。怎么写,怎么写呀?我一直念叨着这几个字,连手掌心里都沁满了汗水。最后,我决定执行A计划——抄同桌的,我同桌可是个了不起的人物,英语学得特棒,每次考试都名列前茅。于是,我便把手搭在脸上,眼睛偷偷地瞄向同桌的卷子,看不清楚,于是我又把凳子向他那边靠了靠,胜利了。我偷偷地望向四周,没人发现。
虽然百词大赛考完了,但我的心里还是忐忑不安,我为自己的作弊行为感到懊悔,我为什么要抄别人的?为什么不凭借自己的努力去思考而选择走捷径?真后悔呀,这样虽然我得到了成绩,却因此失去了诚信,真是“一失足成千古恨”呀!
Elephants are the biggest wild animals in land, in the world. But now, they are also in danger. Let me tell something to you about them.
Elephants are big and strong and they are grey. They have long trunks and tusks, so they look a little dangerous. But in fact, they’re friendly towards each other and hardly hunt people.
Elephants have ears like fans, they make them look bigger and bigger.
They live in a group together for many years, they’re a big family. They also have good hearing and good sense of smell. Elephants can do lots of things if people train them. For example, they can carry heavy things, can do as a vehicle, ext.
Badly, it’s difficult for elephants to survive in the world usually because of people. If people sell tusks, they will make lots of money.
So, many people kill elephants for their tusks. Living areas are also an important reason of the die out of elephants.
Animals are our friends, we should protect them, or the number of wild animals will getting smaller and smaller.
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