环境设计作为设计类学科专业,作为一种实用艺术,可以为特色小镇的发展提供帮助。环境设计从保护和改善人类生存环境出发,为居民区等建筑群和构筑物,道路和绿地的总体及具体布局提出设计方案。具体来说有两个特点,即系统性和特色性。
2.1环境设计的系统性
作为环境设计的第一特点,系统性是环境设计的核心内容。即以整体和综合的视角审视设计要素,一切从整体出发考虑问题和解决问题,使得设计的内容更加连贯和全面。位于上海的上海泰晤士小镇以英伦风格建筑为亮点,但是由于地处偏远,且小镇模式以住宅为主,忽略了当地交通不便的问题,导致小镇人烟稀少,成为“空城”,这也从侧面证实了环境设计的系统性十分重要。
2.2环境设计的特色性
作为环境设计的第二特点,特色性是环境设计的表达方式。只有密切结合所设计环境周围的现状、居民的需求、历史文化背景等因素,因地制宜地提出解决方案,才能够达到设计目标,并且完善设计方案。安徽宏村的建设则充分体现了环境设计系统性和特色性的优势。
2.3环境设计的具体应用——以安徽宏村为例
宏村位于安徽省境内,由于保留了较为完好的徽派建筑以及宏村独特的村落建设而闻名遐迩。首先,从环境本身的角度分析,宏村基于当地环境特点形成了非常理想的小镇布局。宏村以北有山而立,名为雷岗山,而宏村南部有河流贯穿,整个村落背山面水,并且东西山脉遥相呼应。整个的村落借助其独特的地理位置形成了较为完整的村落空间结构。由此可见,宏村的村落以当地自然风貌为主体,并且借助其山脉,河流的走势和成因构成了村落的空间特征,无形之中使得村镇与自然风貌和谐的同时又充满着灵动与自由,也由于因地制宜的设计方法构成“人——村落——环境”的有机统一,而这也是特色小镇建设中需要重点考虑的因素。其次,从文化的角度分析,宏村的布局与道家“天人合一”的思想契合,并且严格遵循古代礼制,反映了古镇浓厚的历史文化底蕴。宏村的建筑风格以徽派建筑为主,样式均是以天井为中心的围护模式,而基于古村落的历史文化背景,宏村在村落空间的分布排列,以及建筑内部的分割与组合,都以儒家思想中的三纲五常和秩序等息息相关,并且有着很强的宗族、尊卑等观念。在这些建筑群落中,祠堂是最为重要且规模最宏大的建筑,也是宏村村落的核心内容。最后,从居民需求的角度分析,由于村民的日常起居、衣食住行离不开水,所以宏村内部也建立了许多大小不一的水圳并且与村内的民居建筑相连,以此来满足村民的日常生活,临近水系也为宏村消防安全提供了有效的保障。不仅如此,宽阔的水系也很好地改善了宏村的村落间气候,而穿插于建筑群落里的河流也丰富了村镇内容,并且使得村落的住宅有了活络、开敞的空间,从根本上优化了村落环境。宏村对于水的利用不仅在物质层面满足着当地居民的各种需求,与此同时还充分发掘了水对人生理和心理的各种影响,不仅如此,水的美学特性以及独有的艺术感染力也在宏村的建设和发展中被合理利用,从而为当地居民打造出一个生态、传统却又不失文化底蕴的生活环境。而水环境这一独特却又充满魅力的元素也当仁不让地成了宏村的一大特色与亮点。总的来说,宏村是基于我国历史溯源以及道家的思想精髓,并且结合其地域特色和文化而建设发展的'。而宏村的价值不仅体现在其具有我国传统文化的精髓,并且综合表现了儒道思想,反映了宗族关系在当时的重要性,在生动呈现徽州地域文化的同时,也充分体现了环境设计系统性、特色性的设计方法。
2.4特色小镇建设中环境设计的方法总结
由上述案例我们不难看出,在特色小镇的建设中,我们也需要参考类似宏村等优秀古镇的建设,从而总结出合理且行之有效的设计方法,而这些内容可以帮助我们更好地营造小镇空间特色、打造小镇独特的风格。具体有如下三点:第一,在整体环境的优化上需要密切结合当地气候条件、地理特点以及区域位置等要素,充分发挥当地的地理优势,规避当地的各项劣势,从而更好地借助当地环境,合理地利用当地现有资源来打造独特的风格与形式。第二,在特色小镇局部环境设计如建筑、景观、装饰等方面,需要深入挖掘当地历史文化背景以及人文特点,根据不同时期、不同历史背景提取合理的设计元素,并且呈现在设计内容之中。第三,在特色小镇的建设中,不能忽略当地居民的需求,如居住、休闲、运动等,并且在特色小镇等建设中融入这些功能性和文化性的需求,从而丰富小镇的内容、提升小镇的价值,与此同时也能形成小镇独特的环境氛围,从而突出特色。
Dear Sir/Madam:
As a teacher at xxxx school, I am writing to provide you a recommendation for Miss/Mr.xx so as to help you assess her/his application for acceptance into your program and consideration for financial aid.
Considered a promising student with originality and sophistication in her/his thinking, (she/he was asked, in the spring semester of 2008, to develop a subsystem of a DBMS project for her B.S.thesis, for which I was the chief leader. T
his subsystem was designed to manage the information of materials in NO.1 Foundry Plant of Dongfeng Auto Works.To do the job, she/he read many books about software engineering and took some courses in Database Principles and Management. Keenly aware that the design of a DBMS decides the quality of the whole software system, she did her/his utmost from the beginning of the project.(参加过什么活动. From analyzing users requirements to designing the whole system, from the detailed designing to the final programming, she was very level-headed and full of innovation every step of the way. Taking full advantage of her ability and creativity, she firmly focused herself on her objective and gnored all distractions. She successfully reached her goal. In the final software testing, only a few bugs were found in her subsystem. My appreciation of her talelent was thus confirmed.Miss is a very personable woman, friendly and helpful, and she has always been a team player in her work.
I would greatly appreciate it if you could give her application for candidacy to your Ph.D. program favorable consideration. Should you need any further information in your deliberation, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely xxxx
说明文的语言特色,总的要求是准确、简洁、富有表现力。无论是事物说明还是事理说明,抑或是科学小品,都不能例外。准确、简洁,是说明文语言的最本质的特征。从说明文的主要功能来看,说明文主要是传播知识的。要使说明文传播的知识准确无误,就必须使用准确的语言冷静客观地解说事物,阐明事理,准确是说明文语言的先决条件;要使传播知识的说明文让读者一读就明白,说明文的语言就必须简洁。在此前提下,一篇具体的说明文,由于说明对象、读者对象和作者语言风格的不同,其语言特色可以平实见长,但有时也可以生动活泼。或概括,或具体;或简洁,或丰腴;或精练,详尽;或平易朴实,或幽默风趣,可根据具体的文章而定。
揣摩说明文的语言特色,可从这样几个方面人手:
①要有综合观念。揣摩说明文的语言特色不能置说明对象的特征,说明顺序和说明方法于不顾,要把这些内容综合起来看。
②抓住说明文语言准确性的本质特征,去理解文章中表时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等词语。
③弄清什么是平实说明,什么是生动说明。
④认真分析文章所用到的各种说明方法,各种说明方法在文章中的`科学运用,正是说明文语言特色的正确体现。
⑤注意说明文中动词、数量词、修饰限制性词语的准确运用。
说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学的解说,对客观事物做出说明或对抽象整理的阐释,使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能,关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等科学地认识,从而获得有关的知识。
November **, ****
To Whom It May Concern:
This is to confirm that Mr. Li Dashui has worked as a full-time system analyst in the NY University since Jun 1994(or This letter is to verify that Mr. Li Dashui worked as an chemist from July 1993 to Sept. 1994. Mr. Lis main duties and responsibilities are as follows:
Design, develop and install various computer hardware, software and network systems for banks.
Determine and analyze the requirements of each system project into related componets solved through the application of computer technology.
Write specifications for computer programs, and test and implement programs for network systems and control systems.
Supervise computer programmers and other system analysts for paticular system projects.
Mr. Li has mainly taken part in the following projects:
The first engineering design of city general business computer network system.
Upgrading banks system for IBM AS/400 E45 to IBM AS/400 320, IBM AS/400 530.
The design development and test of city general business computer network system.
The design and development network and database systems for the Golden Credit Card Project.
Mr. Li is well experienced with IBM AS/400 system analysis, TCP/IP protocol, SNA protocol and LAN; proficient in RPGIII, VB, C/C++ and DB2, and skilled in UNIX, Informix, Client/Server etc.
Mr. Li is a hard-working and talented analyst, and is highly respected member in our company. If you need further information, please feel free to contact me. Sincerely yours, Singature, Zhang Jianguo
Senior Engineer and Technical Manage Company Name, Address, Tex Fax
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