1.大学英语教学内容缺乏人文关怀
2009年,复旦大学课题组对全国289所院校1282名教师开展了问卷调查,有63.2%的大学英语教师认为学生学习英语的积极性不高。笔者认为,这种普遍懈怠状态正是大学综合英语定位在基础英语,造成学习内容重复和应试教学而产生的。经济学理论中有一个边际效用递减原理,即从心理上来讲,消费一种物品的数量越多,心理得到的满足会相应递减。简单地说,一个人得到的享受会随着***的不断满足而不断减弱,最后变成反感。我国小学阶段就开设了英语课,这属于基础英语,教学语法是为了升学。到了中学甚至大学,学生们还在学习基础英语,还是语法分析,还是为了考试。12年的英语学习内容相同、目的相同,学生最初的新鲜感、享受感会随着学习效用的不断积累而逐渐减去,乃至消失。英语学习所花费的时间和精力都是为了考试,这不得不说是极大的浪费。
2.大学英语教学目标不科学
大学基本上规定学生必须参加全国英语四级考试,同时大学英语课程和大学英语教材都是为了适合或针对各种英语水平考试而开设和编写的。这样一来,学生就很自然地把学习英语的最终目标定位在通过大学英语四级考试上。而通过英语四级考试后,一部分学生又会按照自身的需求再接再厉地考英语六级、考口译、考研、考托福。可见,如果我国大学英语教学只是为了打基础,只是为了培养学生听、说、读、写的综合能力,那么只会把我国大学英语引向应试教学。综观大学英语教学的现状,现有的高校英语教学没有从学生的角度出发,只是一味地注重基础知识的灌输,导致学生摆脱不了语法结构的束缚。教师与学生都被文章中的语法结构驾驭,使得英语教学从根本上停留在语篇结构的层面,在低水平阶段循环反复,不能很好地激发学生的学习热情,导致课堂气氛沉闷,学生的英语实际应用能力匮乏,教学效果不理想,从而违背了教学大纲的要求。依据生态学整体性、联系性、系统性等原则,课堂生态系统不是静态的、孤立的、封闭的系统,而是一个动态的、联系的、开放的、发展的整体,课堂生态系统与外部生态系统通过物质和信息的输入和输出而发生着联系。在课堂生态系统内部,作为课堂生态主体的师生,师生与环境也相互影响、相互作用,实现着彼此间的有机联系、物质循环、能量流动与信息流通,并通过反馈机制调整和协调课堂教学活动,促进师生教学相长。英语是一门兼知识性、工具性、实践性与人文性的学科,所以大学英语教学应该加强人文教育,这是由英语学科的性质和本质决定的,也是英语教学取得良好教学效果的内在要求。因此,教师必须高度重视大学英语的人文性与科学性的融合。
1.科学化地定位大学英语教学目标
大学英语教学目标呈现出繁杂的现象,教师往往直接提出教学目标,没有进行宏观设计与全面思考。基于大学英语教学的现状和学生的学习情况,笔者认为,教师必须构建合理的大学英语课程目标。
2.人文化地设计大学英语教学内容
(1)融入文体学内容为适应社会的需要,高等学校大学英语教学指导委员会确定了21世纪我国高等学校人才的培养目标。《大纲》明确指出:“高等学校大学英语教学应培养具有英语语言基础和广博的文化知识并能运用英语的复合型英语人才。”因此,在大学英语教学中纳入文体学知识和文体分析,其主要任务是从语音、词汇、句法、语篇等方面研究各种文本的语言特征,目的是让学生更加准确和透彻地理解文本表达的内容,进而学会在不同场合恰当地运用语言。由于不同国家有着不同的`文化背景,使得语言中的某些成分被约定俗成地赋予了一定的文体色彩。学生只有了解语言中的文体功能,才能理解其文化含义,从而提高学生的文化素质。因此,教师应把教学重点放在培养学生的文体意识、文体洞察力和分析文体的能力上,帮助学生了解“为什么”和“怎么样”才能使文本具有特定的意义。如在分析课文内容时,教师可以分析文章的文体特点为主,从文章的语音效果、词汇特点、句法手段、语篇组织结构等相关的文体标志,去分析一篇文章独特的且与主题有关的语言特点,把握文章的思想内涵和作者的写作目的,从而加深学生对课文内容的理解,提高学生鉴赏英语文章的能力。学生只有了解英语文体学知识,才能更好地认识英语的特点,提高他们的英语欣赏水平,以及在不同的社会环境中运用英语的能力。如在以“范文教学”为特色的中国外语专业教学中,文体分析大有用处。(2)融入人文性的教学内容高校教师不仅要传授学生知识和学习策略,还要教会学生认识人生、认识自我,培养他们的自信心与独立自主的意识。大学综合英语课程设置了一些有关人生、人性、积极心理学、情绪处理、理想与现实以及幸福感等方面的主题,教师可以根据相应的教学内容,结合自己或他人丰富的人生经历,向学生输入积极、正面的情感,在人性化的互动课堂教学中向学生传递正能量,为学生步入社会铺垫人文关怀。
3.有计划地培养教师的人文素养和学生的人文意识
(1)教师的人文素养人文素养是指人应具备的基本品质、基本态度和基本能力,而人文素养的典型标志是人文精神。人文精神泛指人文科学体现出的对人类生存意义和价值的关怀。人文精神追求人生美好的境界,推崇感性和情感,注重想象性和多样性的生活,把一切追求和努力都归结为对人本身的关怀。无论是对社会,还是对个人来说,人文精神都是非常重要且必不可缺的。只有弘扬了人文精神,社会才会生机勃勃、兴旺发达,人才活得有意义,才算是一个真正的人。一位人文素养深厚的教师,肯定是一位有抱负、有追求的教师,往往呈现出人格形象完整、精神焕发、精力充沛、性格坚毅、乐观向上、作风严谨等特征,给人以力量感。在他的教育和影响下,学生必然会受到潜移默化的影响,耳濡目染地形成顽强的意志与自制力,因而更加富有理想,善于思考,发奋学习。而这,才真正体现了教育的最终目标,即人才的培养。大学英语教学的最高目标,正是培养高素质的人。(2)学生的人文意识当代大学生呈现出人文知识缺失的状态,主要体现在人文知识贫乏、文化底蕴浅薄、人文价值迷失、精神萎靡、缺乏社会责任感、价值取向功利化等方面。大学是人格养成之所,是人文精神的摇篮,大学英语课程的授课对象是所有在校大学生,它是培养学生人文精神的重要阵地。教师必须利用好这一阵地,努力培养学生的人文意识。
Dear Dad,
Today is fathers day, for so many years Ive been seekig a way to express my heartfelt thanks for all you have done for me. Here comes it!
Thank you for always being there sharing my life when I need you most. Whenever I encounter difficulties, I never feel alone and vulnerable, because you will keep me on the right path. Im blessed to have you.
Thank you for offering me education and teaching me how to be a man. You always inspire me not by words, but by what you have done! Your efforts in the work, your loyalty to your friends, your responsibility for the family and your persistence in the life have already set me good examples in my own life.
Thank you for always appreciating my work, no matter how tiny it is! You have made me realize that its capacity not scores that really counts.
Dad, I love you and I will love you forever!
Yours beloved,
Li Ming
This is a story about a special and ueserved woman who has been exposed to a hostile environment but continuously and fearlessly struggling for her ideal life. The story can be interpreted as a symbol of the independent spirit.
It seems to me that many readers’ English reading experience starts with Jane Eyer. I am of no exception. As we refer to the movie “Jane Eyer”, it is not surprising to find some differences because of its being filmized and retold in a new way, but the spirit of the novel remains----to be an independent person, both physically and mentally.
Jane Eyer was a born resister, whose parents went off when she was very young, and her aunt,the only relative she had,treated her as badly as a ragtag. Since Jane’s education in Lomon person, just the same as any other girl around. The suffers from being humiliated and devastated teach Jane to be persevering and prize dignity over anything else.As a reward of revolting the ruthless oppression, Jane got a chance to be a tutor in Thornfield Garden. There she made the acquaintance of lovely Adele and that garden’s owner, Rochester, a man with warm heart despite a cold face outside. Jane expected to change the life from then on, but fate had decided otherwise: After Jane and Rochester fell in love with each other and got down to get marry, she unfortunately came to know in fact Rochester had got a legal wife, who seemed to be the shadow following
Rochester and led to his moodiness all the time ----Rochester was also a despairing person in need of salvation. Jane did want to give him a hand, however, she made up her mind to leave, because she didn’t want to betray her own principles, because she was Jane Eyer. The film has finally got a symbolist end: Jane inherited a large number of legacies and finally returned. After finding Rochester’s misfortune brought by his original mad wife, Jane chose to stay with him forever.
I don’t know what others feel, but frankly speaking, I would rather regard the section that Jane began her teaching job in Thornfield as the film’s end----especially when I heard Jane’s words “Never in my life have I been awaken so happily.” For one thing, this ideal and brand-new beginning of life was what Jane had been imagining for long as a suffering person; for another, this should be what the audiences with my views hoped her to get. But the professional judgment of producing films reminded me to wait for a totally different result: There must be something wrong coming with the excellence----perhaps not only should another section be added to eich the story, but also we may see from the next transition of Jane’s life that “Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you would get.” (By Forrest Gump’s mother, in the film “Forrest Gump”
What’s more, this film didn’t end when Jane left Thornfield. For Jane Eyer herself, there should always be somewhere to realize her great ideal of being independent considering her fortitude, but for Rochester, how he can get salvation?
The film gives the answer tentatively: Jane eventually got back to Rochester. In fact, when Jane
met Rochester for the first time, she scared his horse and made his heel strained, to a certain extent, which meant Rochester would get retrieval because of Jane. We can consider Rochester’s experiences as that of religion meaning. The fire by his frantic wife was the punishment for the cynicism early in his life. After it, Rochester got the mercy of the God and the love of the woman whom he loved. Here we can say: human nature and divinity get united perfectly in order to let such a story accord with the requirements of both two sides. The value of this film may be due to its efforts to explore a new way for the development of humanism under the faith of religion.
Life is ceaselessly changing, but our living principles remain. Firmly persisting for the rights of being independent gives us enough confidence and courage, which is like the beacon over the capriccioso sea of life. In the world of the film, we have found the stories of ourselves, which makes us so concerned about the fate of the dramatis personae.
In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, both physical and mental effects on us call for a balance. We are likely to find ourselves bogged down in the Sargasso Sea of information overload and living unconsciousness. It’s our spirit that makes the life meaningful.
Heart is the engine of body, brain is the resource of thought, and great films are the mirrors of life. In
dubitably, “Jane Eyer” is one of them.
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