Dan Sperber和Deirdre Wilson的关联理论是在H。P。Grice的交际理论与会话含意理论的基础上发展起来的,他们合着的《关联性:交际与认知》一书中对其有很精辟的阐述。关联理论作为认知语言学一个理论给西方语用学界带来了极大影响。它将关注的核心投到人类交际与话语理解方面,其影响力已超出了语用学领域,延伸到翻译领域。因为自然语言中的每个话语都可以有多种理解,要正确的理解自然语言,就必须通过语境来寻找信息的关联,然后根据话语和语境的关联进行推理。而翻译中为达到语用等效,其前提正是正确地理解自然语言。因此,关联理论就成为可以指导翻译的语用翻译理论。
1、时间顺序:有明确时间词。
2、空间顺序:上---下,左---右,前---后,一般适用于参观游览类或介绍事物类说明文。
3、逻辑顺序:现象---本质,主---次,远---近,简单---复杂,原因---结果。
关联理论强大的解释力为翻译研究提供了一个理论框架。在此框架下,从认知角度对翻译过程进行描写,把翻译过程看作是原者—译者—读者之间的两个交际过程,在动态语境中找出各种信息之间的最佳关联,对真实交际意图做作出推理,从而能够全面、科学的阐释话语理解,达到翻译这一交际的目的。
参考文献:
[1]Gutt,Ernst—August。Translation and Relevance:Cognition and Context[M]。Oxford:Blackwell,1991。
[2]Sperber,D。& Wilson,D。Relevance:Communication and Cognition[M]。Oxford: Blackwell,1986。
[3]苗兴伟。关联理论对语篇连贯性的解释[J]。外语教学与研究,1999,(3)。
[4]蒋坚松,黄振定。语言与翻译研究[M]。北京:中国社会科学出版社,2000。
[5]曾文雄。语用翻译学研究[M]。武汉:武汉大学出版社,2007。
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
导读:议论文分为立论文和驳论文两种,如果从文章内容的逻辑关系来分析,议论文具体的结构形式可分两大类:
a.纵式:逐层深入的论述结构
例1.“层层深入”式,先提出论点后,循序渐进的去论证,把道理逐渐展开,最后归纳总结。
例2.“正反论证”式:先提出论点后,先从消极方面论证,然后进一步从积极方面论述。
b.横式:并列展开的论述结构
例如:
有“总论——分论——总论”式,先提出论点,而后从几个方面阐述,最后总结归纳;
有“总论——分论”式,先提出论点,然后从几个方面论证。
有“分论——总论”式,对所要论述的'总是分几个方面剖析,然后综合归纳出结论。
总之,分析议论文的结构,先要弄明白中段落层次间的内在联系,还要注意文章中起着承上启下作用的过渡段,过渡句以及过渡词语。
© 2022 xuexicn.net,All Rights Reserved.