1。Whereas
该词意为:considering that, “鉴于”,“就(而论”,常用于合同协议书的开头段落以引出合同双方订立合同的理由或依据。如:Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products……鉴于甲方希望利用乙方的专利技术制造并销售合同产品。
2。Whereby
该词意为:by the agreement, by the following terms and conditions,“凭此协议”,“凭此条款”,常用于合同协议书中以引出合同当事人应承担的主要合同义务。如:
A sales contract refers to a contract whereby the seller transfers the ownership of an object to the buyer and the buyer pays the price for the object。 句中a contract whereby the seller transfers……意为:a contract by which the seller transfers……
以上是对外经贸合同英语中几个典型旧体词用词方面的重要的特点,笔者希望初涉外经贸合同的教师和学生予以留意,有针对性地学习,达到事半功倍的效果;也希望进行外贸合同写作时也能把握住这几个特点,写出好的外经贸合同,顺利地进行外贸业务往来。
五年级的一个暑假,我和朋友去发传单,这是个锻炼自己,磨练忍耐力和坚持的一个心酸过程。尽管心酸,但这对我们来说是非常新鲜的。
我们换好了衣服,一个叔叔跟我们讲了大概过程,也就是看见路人要先说“你好”,在介绍传单内容,并留下联系电话,但这一切的前提是,如果那个人愿意听我们讲完所有的内容。
我们来到大街上,开始向路人下发传单。但只有亲身体验过,才会知道那些路人有多难“伺候”。有点人理都不理我们伸出的手;有点人看了看我们,如有所语的议论着,皱着眉头走开:也有的人接过我们的传单,还没有两三步,便扔在了地上。一上午下来,放眼望去,满地传单在随意的让人们踩踏,没有人在意那是我们一张一张亲手送出的传单。传单都被随意丢弃,更不用说让我们介绍了。
到了下午,我们都泄气了,把传单丢在旁边的石椅上,谁有兴趣,谁就去拿。时间一分一秒的过去,这时,有一个大叔,他站在我们面前,看着我们手里的传单,我盯着他看了好一会,才反应过来,他是要我们的传单,听我们的'介绍,于是我站起来,微笑说:“你好,这是……希望您有空去看看!“太好了,这是我今天第一次向路人开口,那位大叔一直耐心地听我讲完。在这个下午,情况有所好转,渐渐低,越来越多的人吧传单放在包里,也有越来越多的人愿意听我讲完。慢慢地,我脸上的笑容不在僵硬,虽然还是有很多人在踩踏,但是我开始相信坚持的力量。因为在这个世上没有人会拒绝微笑,没有人会无视坚持!
回到家,回想这一天,发现了坚持的可贵,在生活中有很多事情,只要坚持没有什么不可能!只要坚持,世界对我没有什么不可能!
Has the winter vacation year after year, all is often different. Formerly, I all only was busy in the winter vacation is making merry, but this difference, not only I have not played, but also almost closed the confinement. Asked how I do fall so the fate, ya, all is the calamity which wants to play all the time annoys!
That day clear and boundless sky, solar especially beautiful, my in high spirits running to the maternal family, father and mother and the relatives and friends disappears for a long time, therefore particularly is excited. After finished eating the lunch to chat a meeting, they on full of enthusiasm played the playing cards. I am idling the safe, a person exits the extension, and brought a cigarette lighter, several dozens firecrackers along with; Transferred had not seen any interesting thing, thereupon I put the firecracker on a person in the courtyard. But that day wind especially big, I originally want to lose on the place the firecracker actually and I do to, rode the wind but has flown on the side haystack, a detonation, unexpectedly a ten feet high flame for to ignite the haystack, I was startled immediately had, hurried brushes with the bamboo pole, but the haystack roasted in the overpoweringly hot hot sun roasts has dehydrated completely, in addition that wind helped an evildoer do evil in the one side, the flame fled in a twinkling Lao Gao, I was scared immediately, got a sudden inspiration nearby the discovery well to have a washbasin suddenly, hurried the water used fire fighting, just has irrigated a trough, That presses the hydraulic engine also to press did not sail upstream, really awfully, this heaven resembles is intending to oppose with me resembles, my anxious tear has all fallen, wants to let loose the throat to shout, can how also shout does not make noise; The younger sister comes out by chance asks me to play, she hurried the human has all called, everybody busily has opened immediately, barrel barrel trough trough water straight upward irrigated. This water is originally may suppress the fire, but this fire gentle breeze becomes the ally, the fire has borrowed the circumstances, the wind helps the fire prestige, the situation is not more and more wonderful. By now although greatly burnt down was the haystack but likes actually is burning my heart, from caught up with the villagers in all directions which put out a fire also to, they did not know lifted a small water pump from where, finally, this water pump drew up the water has all supplied, was seeing this fire had to irrigate extinguished, but did not know how, the water broke suddenly. We run as soon as looked that, the original water source is far, that splices the pipe joint place 散架, Shui Zhenggu 汩 braved to outside, to flow place. When we fix the pipe, this is irrigated the fire which extinguishes to resurge quickly. Has not been good, this time wind has gotten up greatly, again does not take the measure, not only this haystack has not guaranteed, all must suffer disaster including the side on haystack and the house. In this critical moment, sees only the uncle to take up the pipe, flushed the haystack which burnt, he did not attend to the intermittent thick smoke to destroy completely the exterior fire diligently outside, also let the public hoe push aside the haystack, the water used to has Mars the place pouring to go, but most was anxious certainly is I, one side me was snatching the fire fighting, at the same time unceasingly the mouth read "the amen", really was turns to any doctor one can find when critically ill. But, this move resembles also very is effective, soon, the wind really has stopped down, this fire also naturally extinguished. My deep sigh one breath, in a heart big stone finally fell to the ground.
Although the fire extinguished, but my responsibility feared was the inescapable, I have finished the full psychological preparation, in just a little bit, the maid ablaze with anger walked, very far away I the smell of gunpowder, but fortunately, the maid has not begun, otherwise I also could write the thesis in this? Oh, I now really regretted that, I do must put that to provoke the right and wrong to me the firecracker?
译文:
年年有寒假,一切往往不同。以前,我只在寒假里忙得不亦乐乎,可这次不同,我不但没玩过,还差点关上了禁闭。问我怎么会落下这样的命运,哎,都是一直想玩的祸烦!
那天天空晴朗无垠,阳光格外美丽,我兴高采烈地奔向母家,爸爸妈妈和亲戚朋友久久不见了,因此格外兴奋。吃完午饭聊了一会,他们就兴致勃勃地玩起了扑克牌。我在闲逛保险柜,一个人从分机出来,带了一个打火机,几十个鞭炮一起;转移到没有看到任何有趣的东西,于是我把鞭炮放在院子里的一个人身上。可是那天风特别大,我本来想把鞭炮丢在地上却和我做对了,乘风却飞到了旁边的草堆上,一声爆响,竟有一股十尺高的火焰为草堆引燃,我顿时吓了一跳,赶紧用竹竿刷了刷,可是在烈日下烤的草堆已经完全脱水了,加上风在一边扶着一个恶人作恶,火焰瞬间就窜了老高,我顿时吓了一跳,突然发现井边有个脸盆,急忙用水救火,刚灌完槽,那压着液压机也压不上船了,真是太可怕了,这天堂像是要和我对抗似的,我焦急的眼泪都掉了,想放开嗓子喊,可怎么也喊不出声来;妹妹偶然出来叫我玩,她赶紧把人都叫来了,大家马上忙开了,桶里的水直往上灌。这水本来是可以压制火的,但这火和风成了盟友,火借了情,风助火威,情不愈妙。这时虽然大火烧成了草堆但却像是在燃烧着我的心,从四面八方赶来的村民扑灭了一场火也到了,他们不知道从哪里举起了一台小水泵,最后,这台水泵抽上来的水已经全部供应了,看到这场火已经被浇灌扑灭了,但是没有不知怎么,水突然破了。我们一跑就看,原来水源远,那拼接管接头处散架,水正鼓汩冒到外面,流向处。当我们修好水管时,这是浇灌灭火后迅速复活的火。一直不好,这次风大了起来,再不采取措施,不仅这草堆没有保证,连草堆上的`边和房子都要遭殃。在这危急的时刻,只见叔叔拿起水管,冲着烧焦的草堆,他顾不上时断时续的浓烟努力把外面的火烧得干干净净,还让众人锄起草堆,把曾经有火星的地方浇去,但最着急的肯定是我,一边我在抓紧救火,一边不停地嘴里念着“阿门”,真是转危为安时找不到任何医生。但是,这一举动似乎也很有效,很快,风真的停了下来,这场大火也自然扑灭了。我深深的叹了一口气,心里的一块大石头终于掉到了地上。
虽然火扑灭了,但我的责任恐怕是无法推卸的,我已经做好了充分的心理准备,就在一点点,女佣怒火中烧地走了,远远的我闻到了火药味,幸好女佣还没开始,不然我还能在这写论文吗?哦,我现在真的很后悔,我一定要把那个挑起我是非的鞭炮?
我把老师赞为独一无二的金钥匙,只有这把钥匙才能帮助我们打开知识的大门;我把老师看成春天的雨水,浇灌着千万朵鲜花,使花朵放射出绚丽的光芒;我还把老师当做一只永不熄灭的蜡烛,燃烧了自己,却照亮了我们学习的脚步。
两年来,有好多老师都带我去过知识的海洋,可我最喜欢的老师还是两年前教我的黄老师。那是我刚上小学的时候,黄老师是我们的班主任。她梳着长长的头发,高高的个子,带着一副眼镜,显得很有学问。她每天都笑容满面的给我们讲课。记得有一次,我在课堂上开小差,被黄老师发现了,黄老师用她那严肃的眼神警告了我。下课的时候,我猜想肯定要被叫去办公室了,可黄老师只是告诉我,下次要认真听讲,不要再开小差了,这样会影响你的学习。我记住了黄老师的话。从此以后,我认真听讲,进步很大。在黄老师的带领下,我们勤奋学习,遵守纪律,周周都能得到流动红旗。
现在,她离开我们四班已经一年多了,我是多么的想念她啊!但她和蔼的面孔和亲切的话语却从没离开过我。啊!我最敬爱的黄老师啊!我们整个四班,都在等待着那一天,您能再回到我们身边,就像又回到从前。
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
像悠悠东去的流水,时光已逝了12个春秋,他流过了我绚丽的童年,带走了我无数的`往事和记忆深刻的人,但它却永远带不走我最难忘的程老师。
程老师是一个上课严厉,下课有很慈祥的老师。
我很清楚的记的她给我们上第一节课的时候,她先做了自我介绍后她说了几条上课规定:1.上课要专心致志2.要跟上老师讲课的节拍3.坐姿端正4.上课积极回到问题5.上课要保持安静。
我心想:这回够我们受了,一来就给我们一个下马威我的想法没错她上课的确很严厉:1.上课私自走扣分2.写不完作业扣分3.坐的歪三扭四扣分4.上课说话扣分5.上课做小动作扣分6.字写的不好扣分…每次一下课被扣分的人就该教组费了—扣一分2元。
在这位“魔鬼”老师的训练下我们月考成绩提高了不少。那次我的同学找程老师借钱,程老师没有带,于是我的同学找别的老师借了。到晚自习的时候称号是叫她出去,我想今天没有程老师的课她怎嘛来了?噢原来是借钱给那位同学。
我被程老师的行为感动了,程老师课下是那么的慈祥。
人们常说孩子是花朵,那么老师你就是花园里最辛勤的园丁,默默地用自己的汗水浇开一朵朵希望之花。老师是你教给我们知识!老师是你教给我们人生哲理!老师你的精神和品质让我永世难忘!
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