Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
How to prevent the H7N9?
As is well known,the A flu is spreading throught our country. However, if we negnect it, the deadly H7N9 may cause more infectors,or even more deaths. So what is the most important is that we should take some effective measures to prevent it.They can be listed as follows.
Firstly,it is necessary for you to realize the Avian flu can be prevented if you develop good living habits. For example,you shouldn’t forget to wash your hands before meals.Besides,don’t spit everywhere and try to cover your mouth or nose with paper or hankerchiefs when you have to cough or sneeze.What’s more, remember to wear the mouth-cover if you have to go to the public places, such as the crowded cinemas,supermarkets, buses,where the A flu may spread easily.
Secondly,of course, taking exercise more often and taking good sleep to build your body are wise choices for you to reduce the risk of being infected.
Last but not the least, if you are unlucky to be infected with the slight flu cold, try to stay at home,and take some medicine. Do pay attention to your daily body temperature. If you have a high fever, go to the hospital without delay for further treatment. Make sure you are not expected to come back to school before the cold or flu is cured.
Only by doing like this can you prevent or defeat the A flu in the end.
写景时必须按照一定的顺序来写,才能使条理清楚,才能让读者欣赏中的优美景致。我们常用的顺序有以时间为序和以空间为序两种。
以时间为顺序,就是以时间的先后来描写景物。主要表现在描写同一景物时,突出景物在不同时间、不同季节发生的变化。例如一天之内的早、中、晚,一年春,夏,秋,冬四季……
例如董铃同学《小路》一文中的描写:
在宽阔的大路旁,有一条不引人注目的小路。
温暖的春天,微风吹拂着,小路边小树上才发出一点点嫩绿小芽的树枝。乌黑发亮的小燕子,“叽”的一声,像离弦的箭飞过了小路。含苞未放的小野花快要开了,小草偷偷地冒出了地面,显得非常娇嫩,给小路增添了许多生趣。
夏天,野花开了,散发出一阵阵清香。远远望去路两边的小草郁郁葱葱,配上黄色的野花,好看极了。天气闷热,有些人在路边的大树下乘凉,享受着着甜蜜的快乐。暴雨无情地打在小路上,小草小花没有屈服,毅然挺立在风雨之中。小路一片泥泞,我踏着泥泞的小路向学校走去。
凉爽的秋天,金黄的谷穗沉甸甸地低下了头,高粱红了脸,小路上的小草变黄了。野葡萄野熟了,摘一个,酸甜可口,好吃极了。小路也变成金黄的了。
寒冷的冬天,西北风呼呼地吹着树枝来回摇摆。我迎着刺骨的寒风走在小路上。天上飘下白莹莹的小雪花,小路变成了银白的路。小路上留下一串串深深的脚印。雪渐渐地盖住我的脚印。
这篇作文按照春、夏、秋、冬四个不同的季节,描写了小路景色的变化。小作者观察细致,抓住了小路各季节的不同特征。这条小路是小作者非常熟悉的景物,所以小路在他的笔下充满生机,“活”了起来。通过作者的描写我们看到了萌动的春天,小草“偷偷地冒出地面”;暴风雨的夏天,“小草小花没有屈服”;凉爽的秋天,“小路一片金黄”;寒冷的冬天,“小路变成了银白的路”。
写景还可按景物的空间顺序来写,如左,右,前,后,东,西等方位。或由远到近,或由近到远,或由上到下,或由下到上,还可以按游览顺序来写。
例如苏雁同学《登青秀山塔》一文中的描写:
秋末冬初,天高气爽。星期天,爸爸妈妈带着我们和哥哥来到青秀山公园参观游览。
刚一进门,我和哥哥便向那塔跑去。来到塔脚,举目仰望,才发现比在远处看见的更雄伟,更高大。塔是八角形的,共分九层,塔身直插苍天。塔的每层都有彩色的琉璃瓦檐角,角下垂挂着金色的风铃,这漂亮的小巧的风铃儿,在微风中时而发出美妙动听的铃声,吸引游人停住脚步欣赏一会儿。随后,我们便进入拱门的塔门,开始攀登了。
塔的梯子真奇特,是螺旋形的,像个巨大的螺丝钉。……从窗口往外望,每层的酱色都不一样。第二层看到的是四周郁郁葱葱的树木。第五层可看到整个青秀山的面貌了,还可以望见江水由西向东奔流而去。……
越往上登,窗户越小,风声却越来越大,我的帽子差点被吹掉了。到了顶层往下看:江边的公路细得像根管子,马车、行人都小得像蚂蚁,旁边的房子成了火柴盒。
步出塔门,我们还依依不舍地瞧那风铃。……
小作者是按照从外到内、从低到高的顺序写了塔的特点,和登上塔顶向下俯视看到的情景。脉络清晰,层次分明表达了自己所看所想。
Li Min is our monitor.She is tall, healthy and lively.She does well in all subjects.She is fond of sports and is good at singing and dancing。
Li Min works hard at English. When she came to the school, she had quite a lot of difficulties with the language. But she was not afraid of them and always tried hard to overcome them. She was active in class and did a lot of practice after class. No pains, no gains.With great efforts she made much progress in English study.
Li Min is modest and always ready to help others. She is very strict with herself in her work and daily life. She sets us all a fine example.
我们的班长 李敏是我们的班长。她很高,健康活泼。她擅长所有科目。她喜欢运动,擅长唱歌和跳舞。 李敏的英语努力工作。当她来到学校,很多困难的'语言。但她不是怕他们,总是努力克服它们。她是活跃在课堂上和课后做大量的练习。一分耕耘。以极大的努力她在英语学习中取得了很大进步。 李敏是温和的,并且随时准备帮助别人。她对自己要求很严格在她的工作和日常生活。她为我们建立了一个很好的例子。
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