这类考生往往缺乏刨根究底的精神,总是在主旨周围绕圈子,不达中心。这也是中国考生的通病,看似八九不离十,却总也不愿把话点破,让考官怎能不又急又气。
在所有的扩展方式之中,因果推理法是最受用也是最透彻的方法。凡事先追溯到其原由,再扩展其结果,这是将主题阐述清晰、论述有力并且具有逻辑感的最佳手段。例如在“出国留学利弊”这一题目之前,若考生单纯说“有可能会使青少年学坏”,难免缺乏说服力,但若紧接着扩展“因为孩子高中毕业后思想上还不成熟,若认识不好的朋友会难以抵抗社会上不好的诱惑”,那么此论点一定会让考官眉头舒展,点头认同。由此可见,善用此推理法会让议论文如虎添翼,事半功倍。
引出原因的表达方式主要有:Because../Since.../As....
引出结果的表达方式主要有:so.../Therefore,.../Consequently,.../Accordingly,... /As a result,.../In this way,.../result in.../Thanks to.../Due to.../ Owing to..
【写作真题】Aircrafts have been increasingly used to transport fruits and vegetables to some countries where such plants hardly grow or ate out of season. Some people consider it a good trend, but some people oppose it. Discuss.
【名师献计】It is important to note that imports are now increasingly affordable to the general population. Thanks to the rapid development of the freight transport industry, air travel has become an economical mode of transport, resulting in the subsequent decrease in the cost of importing. Meanwhile, technical advance in the food processing industry has made it much easier to preserve fresh fruits and vegetables over a long-haul air flight. Because of the wide availability of imported crops, there are more varieties...
雅思考试有条写作指令叫做:Include relevant examples from your own experience. 所以很多考生在考试时都喜欢使用举例法(exemplification。这一扩展方式本身无可厚非,然而在使用时几种例子是不适合的。
所谓议论文,最关键之处在于论述得当。支持句应使主题句更加令人信服,令考生的想法更加鲜明的呈现在考官面前。然而,中国考生在论述时往往存在一些误区:
此类例子往往缺乏客观性和说服力,由于第一人称的局限导致所叙述事件难免“鸡毛蒜皮”。要明白,个人不代表整体。
例:I keep my dog to avoid my loneliness and I find a lot of fun.
这样的例子让人犹如在看记叙文,和议论文很不搭调。
今天,妈妈要去信用社去给市民卡存钱,刚好带上我这位评论员。走进信用社,第一印象就不好,很多人都在玩手机,理都不理你。妈妈好声问道:“你好。请问充市民卡的.钱,在哪个窗口办呢!”只见那位柜员看都不看妈妈一眼,只是朝一旁努了努嘴。
“可这个窗口关闭了呀!”妈妈着急地问道,“员工在吃饭,大概半小时左右吧!别人吃饭,怎么办呢?你还不让她吃饭啊!”还冲我们翻了一下白眼。妈妈听了,就火了:“我好不容易早点下班,来存钱,竟还要等30分钟,怎么搞的?总不能因为吃饭连业务都不办啦?”
“要办就等吧,不办就别在这儿大声嚷嚷,多没修养啊!”“哟!你们信用社架子可是大得不得了,都说是柜员等客户,哪有客户等柜员呢?你们领导呢?我要打电话!”那柜员便不理妈妈了,我见了,又开始写评论了!
妈妈嗓门大,保安都开始帮柜员说话:“谁叫你大中午来,要吃饭呀!这有什么办法!”妈妈便与他吵起来,这么大的声音惊动了行长,行长语气好些,她解释说:“因为只有一台机器才能办理市民卡充值,请你稍等一下,她马上就吃完饭了。妈妈这才恍然大悟,觉得刚才乱发火有点过份了。
我也与妈妈差不多,那回,我帮妈妈去商场开发票,服务员接过票子丢在一边,自各儿在那儿看手机。我见非常生气,把评论写在一旁的意见本中。恰好被正在巡逻的经理发现了,经理很严肃地批评她:“你在干什么,快给顾客开发票啊!”她愣住了,十分委屈地说打印机坏了,待会儿来修。啊!原来是这样,这下轮到我低头了。
有时耐心等等,宽容待人,生活会更美好。
虽然来源于身边社会,但不可让描述方式变的太鸡毛蒜皮,拿不上台面。其实这点非常容易办到,只需要把事件中某一个具体的你,我,他,变成是客观群体,比如说people across the globe, students, they之类的人称即可。
举例的常见表达方式:
for example,/for instance,(后加句子)
Such as/ like (后加词组)
Take... as an example,
A case in point is that......
其次,在举例时还应注意尺度。
1. 应避免使用第一人称和第二人称,为了加强客观性,应将人称写成第三人称。
改正:Those people who raise pets, such as dogs and cats, are more likely to gain happiness and relieve their loneliness.(那些养宠物,例如养猫和养狗的人往往更容易获得快乐并且缓解孤独感)
2. 应避免引用一项调查研究,并同时伴有过多数据。应将数据去掉,用含糊的方法表示。
改正:There is much evidence to show that the number of people smoking has increased at an alarming rate in China. (大量证据表明。。。)
3. 应避免将例子局限在一个国家,尤其是中国。应将范围放至全世界。
改正:Many children around the world like to sit in front of the screen for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.(在全世界,许多孩子在屏幕前待太久,导致了他们的视力减弱。
“全世界”的表达方式:around the world, all over the world, across the globe
【写作真题】The advocates of international aid believe that countries have a moral obligation to help each other, while the opponents consider it necessary, because money is misspent by the governments that receive it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
【名师献计】This aid is essential to the homeless and useful in helping recipient countries return to their normal state after major disturbances. For example, with the humanitarian relief obtained worldwide on an annual basis, victims of natural disasters (such as tsunami, drought, flood throughout the world can recover rapidly and rebuild their homeland.
此类段落不论字数多少,都给人空虚的感觉。考生往往为了凑足篇幅而“不择手段”。表面看来扩展了许多,但仔细永远只有一个意思。不得不让考官觉得即单调又啰嗦。
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