一、简洁性.说明文的遣词造句,应简洁平实、通俗易懂.
二、准确性.说明文以传授知识为目的,这就要求它必须用准确的语言,如实地反映事物的特征、本质、规律.说明文的语言的准确性是说明文语言的先决条件.表示时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等,都要求准确无误.
三、科学性.介绍科学知识的说明文,要特别注重科学术语的准确使用.
四、严密性.为了使读者对较复杂的事物、较深奥的事理有明晰确切的'理解,说明文常常恰当地使用修饰和限制词语,讲究语言的周到严密.
五、条理性.任何事物都具有它本身的条理,我们说明事物就要按照它本身的条理来安排说明顺序,使之眉目清楚,有条不紊.
六、逻辑性.有的说明文,要从事物的内在联系上进行说明,语言逻辑性强.
七、趣味性.元大鹰先生说:“说明文不一定就是板起面孔来说话,说明文未尝不可带一点风趣.”为了把事物的特点说得更加生动形象,增强文章的启发性和感染力,说明文要适当地采用生动的说明.
中国加入 WTO 后,有一大批外国人来我市——河源参观,英语(导游介绍我市情况)。假设你是导游,请根据以下内容,向外宾简单介绍我市的情况。
要求: 1. 100 词左右; 2. 要点包括: a. 有悠久的历史,位于广东的东北部,离广州 198 公里,人口约 324 万。 b. 有许多名胜古迹,如苏家围( Sujiawei );万绿湖( WanluLake )等等;万绿湖是一个很美丽的'地方,湖水清澈,无污染;湖中有各种各样的鱼;你可以到那里划船,野餐,钓鱼,是度假的好去处。你也可以去参观河源市博物馆,在那里你可以看到许多恐龙化石( fossil )。c. 祝大家在河源玩得愉快。
本文为您整理!
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to Heyuan, now let me introduce our city — Heyuan to you.
___________________________________________________
( 2005 广东河源)
中考满分作文欣赏:
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to Heyuan, now let me introduce our city — Heyuan to you. Heyuan is a city with a long history. It is in the northeast of Guangdong and 198 kilometres away from Guangzhou. It has a population of 3,240,000.
There are many places of interest in Heyuan, such as Sujiawei Wanlu Lake and so on. Wanlu Lake is a beautiful place. The water is clean and not polluted. There are all kinds of fish in it. You can go boating, go fishing and have a picnic there. It is really a good place to spend your holiday. Besides, you can go and visit Heyuan Museum. There you can see a lot of dinosaur egg fossils.
I hope you can enjoy yourselves in Heyuan.
Thank you.
My mother
My mother is very kind and beautiful although she is not tall.She is 42 years old this year.She is a nurse,so she is always very busy day and night.But she loves her job,and she often takes care of her patients.Of course,she also likes singing,dancing,cooking and shopping,but she almost no time to do them.
Oh,I love my mother.
描写妈妈的英语作文:
由于在很多情况下,说明文是对客观存在的说明与介绍,因此语言的表述也应该尽可能地给人以客观可信的感觉,比如:
(1)I think that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
(2)It is said that getting up late is not always a bad thing.
相比之下,例(2)的语言要比例(1)的语言客观一些,容易让人接受一些。如果再作一些表述上的改动:
(3)Getting up late is not always a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
引进著名人士作为信息的来源,可以使想要说明的内容更具有说服力。如果我们将例(3)中的always再改为necessarily,就可使整个句子更客观、委婉,便于为读者接受:
(4)Getting up late is not necessarily a bad thing, according to Franklin Smith, a well-known psychologist in Stanford University.
在英语中,采用被动语态,引进权威的信息来源以及选用委婉的词语是使说明文避免主观色彩,增加客观性,从而为读者接受的重要语言手段
My favorite sports star------ Sun Yang
Born on December 1, 1991 in Zhejiang Province, Sun Yang is very tall and the height is 1.99 meters. He was from a sports family.
He won the China's first gold medal in men's swimming game. He worked a miracle. Sun Yang is not only gifted but also diligent. He keeps training and has tenacious willpower; these are worth learning by other people. Sun Yang is a new frontrunner at the sports worlds.
Sun Yang is very popular with the young. He is adorable, charming, childlike and cool. He is kind and has the vigor of youth, and he is a little shy. But Sun Yang is easy-going, always with a smile on his face when he faces our. He sings well and sounds beautiful. To my surprise, he likes dolls very much.
Sun Yang sets us a good example, and Sun Yang has set a new world record of swimming, of which the whole country’s people are proud
由于说明文往往是对客观事物或事理的一种介绍与解释,而这种客观的介绍与解释一般是不随时间和空间变化而改变的,比如:说明早锻炼的好处,介绍猫的`胡子的功能,解释臭氧层对人类生活的影响等等,是不受时间和空间影响的。因此,尽管有时为了特殊表达的要求,会在个别地方采用其他时态,英语说明文的基本时态还是一般现在时。下面这篇由香港学生写的充分反映了说明文的这一特点。
The Way to Achieve Success
Many successful people say that they owe much of their success to the cultivation (培养) of certain good habits in early life. In forming good habits, I think we should pay attention to four things, that is, honesty, industry (勤勉), enthusiasm (热情), and thrift (节俭)。
“Honesty is the best policy”。 This is a proverb to which we must pay attention. There are so many temptations (诱惑) in society that through a little carelessness we may go astray (走入歧途)。 But when we are honest, people will not be dishonest to us.
Industry gives every man and woman, every boy and girl, proper work to do. To do nothing is to ruin oneself.
Enthusiasm is a great force. One's soul will expand if one devotes (贡献) oneself to a noble cause. The difficulties in our way are tremendous (巨大的), but what can we not accomplish (取得), if with enthusiasm?
There are many proverbs which set forth (陈述) the advantages (好处) of thrift. Since we live in a world where money is a very powerful thing, we should always try to save part of our earnings for future use.
These are the four things to which we must pay attention. It is only in this way that we can achieve success.
文章改写
所有的GRE阅读文章都不是照搬照抄原有的学术论文。其编写过程一般是出题机构先找到基本符合要求的.源文章,然后根据出题机构的要求对文章进行相应的改编。具体来说可分为几下几个步骤:
1. 搜集源文章出题机构一般有自己固定的信息源和搜集信息的渠道。如ETS使用一个名为Source Finder的软件在Internet上自动检索数字论文库EBSCO中的文献,并从中提炼出符合各种考试风格要求的样本文章。
2. 改写出于版权限制,ETS用于实际考试的文章长度最多只能引用10%的原文长度。这种带着镣铐跳舞的结果是大量文章内容被改写,重写和删节。改写一般会大量使用分词及从句,使句子变得更紧凑、更严密。尽管改写后的文章会变得错综复杂,但出题机构会尽量保持文章中原有的鲜明态度以及较好的层次结构。如:文章一开始给出一个老观点,后来有人提出新观点,驳斥老观点,文章作者对这个新观点或完全同意、或持部分保留意见、或是做出有正有负的混合评价。
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