位置在下面称呼语隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的'是,正文中一般不用hello!(你好!
正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。
但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。
哈佛大学培养学生的首要目的是(培养好人,品德第一。“德育”不是政治信仰教育,而是对社会的责任感,对弱势群体的同情,对他人的隐私和权利的尊重,对不同生活方式和不同宗教信仰的包容,“我不同意你的观点,但坚决扞卫你有不同观点的权利”,遵守法律,怀有良心、坚守良知,等等。没有这个修养,社会就不健康,就做不到邪不压正。奶粉事件就是良心出了问题。“德育”还包括“科学品德”:要有“拿一打皇冠也换不走好奇心”的求知精神,“吾爱吾师更爱真理”的求真追求、“坚持真理不惜成为全民公敌”的英勇人格。教育的目的,在于让我们创造出自我。一下有关教育家名人故事
一:俞敏洪,一个农村出生的孩子。高考考了三年才上了大学。却通过自己的努力成为了成就了。面对年轻人的困惑,他有话说。
不要看轻自己,不要看轻他人
我从同学们的眼光中,看到你们对未来的期待,看出对自己未来的希望,看出自己对未来的事业、成就和幸福的追求。希望同学们有这样一个信心,这个信心就像我讲座的标题所说的那样,永远不要用你的现状来判断你的未来。
人一辈子有时会犯两个错误:第一个错误就是你会断定自己没什么出息,你会说我家庭出身不好,父母都是农民,或者说我上的大学不好,不如北京大学、哈佛大学,或者说我长得太难看了,以至于根本就没人看得上我等等,由此来断定自己这辈子基本上没有什么出息。我在北大的时候,基本上就这么断定自己的,断定到最后,差点儿把自己给弄死。因为自己断定自己没出息,变得非常得郁闷,最后得了一场肺结核。
第二个错误是什么呢?同学们,我们常常会判断别人失误,比如说你看到周围某个人,好像显得挺木讷的,这个人成绩也不怎么样,也没人喜欢,你就断定说,这个家伙这辈子没什么出息。
所以,这辈子最容易犯的两个错误是:一是觉得自己这辈子可能不会有大的作为;另一个是料定别人不会有作为。
面向未来,通常会有两种人:一种人是自己想要有所作为,并且坚定不移地相信自己的未来会有所作为;还有一种是从心底里不相信自己会有所作为的人。同学们想一想,未来成功的会是哪一种人?一定是前面的一种人。为什么?原因很简单,因为人是这样的动物,就是心有多大,你就能走多远。你要是想走遍世界的话,你的心必须要向世界走。我为什么今天还能站在这儿和大家讲话呢?就是因为我从小就有一种感觉,这个感觉就是越过地平线,走向远方的一种渴望,我希望自己能够不断地穿越。就像中国著名的企业家、万科集团的王石一样,他想要不断爬到世界最高峰,爬了一次,还想爬第二次。他知道,每一次征服都给自己带来一次新的高度,就是这种感觉。
同学们,你们现在就谈论自己有没有成就还太早了。人生不是百米赛跑,如果是百米赛跑,你比我早跑一两秒钟,我可能就追不上你了,因为总共就一百米。人生是看不到头的马拉松,你一走就是一百年的路程。现在我们只要注意身体健康,心情愉快,平时注意养成良好的习惯,基本上活到一百岁是不成问题的。同学们,拼的是耐力,拼的是专注,拼的是持久,拼的就是这些东西。也就是说,你现在有多少跟别的同学的落差,完全是微不足道的事情。
努力为自己争取公平的机会
我们自己成长的道路是我们自己来选的,跟你的大学没什么关系。有同学说,我身边没有资源,我的同学都是什么部长的儿子,隔壁的是市委书记的女儿,他们俩还隔着我眉来眼去,就是没我什么事。还有同学说,这个世界、这个社会真不公平,别人有的东西我都没有,你看他身上穿的名牌服装,我就没有,他用的是苹果电脑,我就没有,他用的是iPhone,我连手机都买不起。这都不是你能抱怨的,为什么?因为这个社会本来就没有公平过,从有人类历史以来,只要一旦有剩余的物品,就从来没有公平过。即使在原始社会,剩余的物品都给那个最厉害的'老猴子了。
资源再分配首先需要你自己成功。你如果自己都不成功,你分配什么啊?你就等着别人分配给你。一个等待别人分配给你的生活是不值得你过的。
关于孔子的二:有次孔子受困在陈蔡一带的地区,有七天的时间没有尝过米饭的滋味。
有一天中午,他的第子颜回讨来一些米煮稀饭。饭快要熟的时候,孔子看见颜回居然用手抓取锅中的饭吃。
孔子故意装作没有看见,当颜回进来请孔子吃饭时,孔子站起来说:刚才孟李祖先告诉我,食物要先献给尊长才能进食,岂可自己先吃呢?
颜回一听,连忙解释说:夫子误会了,刚才我是因看见有煤灰掉到锅中,所以把弄脏的饭粒拿起来吃了。
孔子叹息道:人可信的是眼睛,而眼睛也有不可靠的时候,所可依靠的是心,但心也有不足靠的时候。
三:孔子的弟子子羔,名叫高柴,他在卫国从政期间,曾经对一个人用个砍断脚的刖(yue刑。
卫国君臣发生动乱的时候,子羔要逃走,来到城门,发现城门已经关闭了。守门的人就是那个曾经被子羔砍断脚的那个人。
那人说:“在那边城墙上有个缺口,可以逃走。”
子羔说:“君子不能从缺口过去。”
那人说:“另外那一边有个洞口,可以逃走。”
子羔说:“君子不能钻洞逃走。”
那人说:“这里有一间房子可以躲避。”
于是,子羔进入了那座房子。追兵过去之后,子羔要离开,对那个受刑的人说:“我不能损害国君制订的法令,因而用刑砍断了您的脚。我现在逃难,这是您报仇报怨的好时候,您为什么还会帮助我逃避灾难呢?”
那人说:“砍断我的脚,本来就是因为我犯了罪,那是无可奈何的事情。当初您审判臣的时候,一开始先根据法律寻找减轻臣刑罚的方法,是想要让臣免于法律的惩罚,这是臣很明白的;在审判完了定罪的时候,要确定刑罚了,您很庄重伤感,都可以从表情上显现出来,这个也是臣很明白的。您不是因为私情而要对臣徇私舞弊,只是因为有天生的仁人之心,才会自然而然地这样做。这是臣要使您逃避灾难的原因。”
孔子听说之后说:“善于做官吏的人,尽力树立起自己的品德;不善于做官的人,总是会多构成怨敌。用公正之心来指导自己的言行,大概可以说子羔做到了。”
从这些可以看出,教育是多么重要,教育是人们必不可少的对吗?大家要履行公民受教育的权利,再者,受教育也公民的义务,既然这样,为什么不好好珍惜呢。
a tale of two cities occupies a central place in the canon of charles dickens's works. this novel of the french revolution was originally serialized in the author's own periodical all the year round. weekly publication of chapters 1-3 of book 1 began on april 30, 1859. in an innovative move, dickens simultaneously released installments of the novel on a monthly basis, beginning with all of book 1 in june and concluding with the last eight chapters of book 3 in december. dickens took advantage of the novel's serial publication to experiment with characterization, plot, and theme. he described the work in a letter to his friend john forster, cited in rudi glancy's a tale of two cities: dickens's revolutionary novel, as "a picturesque story rising in every chapter, with characters true to nature, but whom the story should express more than they should express themselves by dialogue." the novel that emerged from his experimentation is now regarded as one of dickens's most popular and most innovative works.
dickens's work was very popular with the reading public when it was first published. one review in the magazine athenaeum stated that a tale of two cities had attracted the praise of a hundred thousand readers. on the other hand, a whole set of critics, most notably sir james fitzjames stephen writing in saturday review, criticized the novel precisely for its popularity. "most of the critics writing in the intellectual and literary journals of the day considered popular success a good reason to condemn a work," explains glancy. "if the public liked it, they certainly could not be seen to approve of it at all." modern critical opinion, however, has given the novel an important place among dickens's most mature works of fiction.
当新学期来临时,许多学生对新生活表现得很兴奋。在大学,新生快乐地享受着自由。在接下来的四年里,他们希望过着高中描绘的'美好生活。但事实是,大学生活中有很多东西要学。
First, the major knowledge occupies the most important role. As a student, learning knowledge is their job, while many students focus on playing cellphone in the class, or just sleep. They lose interest in studying when they come to the free environment. Mastering the professional skill helps them to be competitive. The sad thing is that most of them can't realize it.
首先,专业知识占据着最重要的角色。作为一名学生,学习知识是他们的工作,而很多学生在课堂上玩手机,或者睡觉。当他们来到自由的环境后对学习失去了兴趣。掌握专业技能帮助他们提高竞争力,可悲的是,大多数人没有意识到这一点。
Second, as there is much free time, they can make use of it and gain the valuable experience. Students can join some clubs to develop more interest, or find part-time jobs. It is better than to stay in the dorm and play computer games all the time.
第二,由于空闲时间多,他们可以充分利用好这些时间,并从中获得宝贵的经验。学生可以参加一些活动来发展更多的兴趣爱好,或找份兼职工作。比呆在宿舍玩电脑游戏好多了。
A lot of students feel lost in the campus, because they don't plan campus life well. The things you learn will make you different in the future.
很多学生因为没有计划好校园生活在所以迷失了。所学到的东西会让你在未来有所作为。
yesterday i read a book the name of the book is《dr bethune》.
dr bethune was a famous doctor from canada. in 1938 he came to china. at that time china was at war with japan. he worked as a doctor in the chinese army and saved many soldiers’ lives. he worked very hard and became sick. dr bethune died in 1939. he was only 49 years old. he was a good man and we remember him today.
i think the book is very very good!
written by wu qingxiang
mar. 31
how to do research
——reading after a science paper
these days i am busy preparing my dissertation which is about web usage mining . i read some english papers and learnt much from them . and now i want to say something about a paper titled “web usage mining:discovery and applications of usage patterns from web data”.
this is the first english paper i read about dissertation and gave me great help .
this paper is a review about web usage mining. it introduced web usage mining in detail . although it is a little old for it was published in its contents are very useful today . it is organized according to the sequence of web usage mining and the six main parts are introduction which tells me what is web usage mining the sources and abstraction of web data the three steps of web usage mining taxonomy and project survey websift overview privacy issues . the third and fourth parts are most important . it had a list of existing project about web usage mining which i saw many times in other papers but this paper is the one creating this list . besides it has been referred for more then twenty times . as we all know that the higher the referred number is the more important the paper is so i consider this paper to be an important and successful one in this region.
in my opinion the success of this paper dues to three reasons . the first reason is the profound computer knowledge owned by the authors . web usage mining relates to many subjects such as artificial intelligence ontology semantic analysis but the most basic knowledge is computer science . the four authors are all professors of department of computer science and engineering in university of minnesota . for myself i am not major in computer science and i am not very good at computers so i feel a little difficult to understand technologies used in this region.
second they had read a large number of papers before they wrote this paper . there are fifty nine references listed after main contents . “stand on the shoulders of giants” this sentence tell us a truth : one can never successful all by oneself . and what’s more learn from others can save a lot of time and energy especially for us new learner . how to learn from others is a skill all of us should master but learning doesn’t mean copy or plagiary . other people’s knowledge and production is just our foundation upon this foundation we must have our own thoughts and creation. there are many remarks in this paper where referred other’s production.
third the authors had the experience of developing a web usage mining project . they don’t just engage in idle theorizing so their comprehension on this issue is greatly profound. they know what we may meet in a real project development and they know how to resolve them . after reading this paper i also read some other papers written in chinese . some of them are not based on real project and can not give useful resolution . websift is the name of system they developed which can be used to data mining and analysis .
i wrote this article not only because it gave me much help in preparing my dissertation but also because it tells me how to study and how to do research . honesty and preciseness are two essential making a researcher must have . hard-working is the necessary condition leading to success . this is just the beginning of my dissertation i should learn from these four authors both their knowledge and their attitude to study.
i have never been to troy, but david maule made me feel as if i were standing on the high wall of troy, watching the fierce war. thanks to this british author, who adapted the famous homer’s poem into a lively story, i found it easier to understand this story. though the story happened over 3000 years ago in a remote place, i was deeply fascinated by it.
the mysterious plot is one of the reasons why i loved the story of troy so much, yet i am more interested in the human heroes of the war.
hector was the eldest son of king of troy, priam. he was not only a real hero of trojan, but was regarded the highest moral hero in greek classic by later historians. the war started because of the mischief of his brother, paris, whom he didn’t appreciate. however, since hector was the commander of the trojan army, he was obliged to fight with all force. it was really a tragedy that such a valiant man died in the duel with another great warrior, achilles.
it is natural to see death in a war. as a famous chinese parable says, “a life can be as slight as a piece of feather, or as weighty as mount tai.” sometimes, one’s glory walks hand in hand with one’s doom. achilles was such a typical person. his personal charm made the story of troy more attractive. he was so crucial because his every appearance in a war encouraged his fellow soldiers and terrified the enemies. actually, achilles was half-god who was almost invincible in people’s mind. that’s why his name was memorized long after his death.
besides the two great men, the wisdom of odysseus also proved him to be a great hero. he didn’t want to attend the war because he was happily married and had a lovely son. however, since his country was allied to mycenae, he had to take the command given by the king of mycenae. i’m quite sure that the story of the wooden horse is widely known, however, few people know who thought of the brilliant idea, that’s why i admired odysseus so much because he was the person who got the idea. thanks to the horse, the ten-year war came to an end at last. if you want to know how the wooden horse worked, just read the book.
the ancient greeks believed that the gods and goddesses also played important roles in the origin, process and ending of the whole story.
the story of the golden apple was such an example. when eris, the goddess of argument and disagreement, threw out the golden apple to a wedding ceremony on mount olympus, a dispute happened. hera, the queen of gods, athena, the goddess of wisdom, and aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, were all involved in the argument for the apple. none of them was willing to give way, so they turned to paris for a final judgment. tempted by aphrodite’s beauty and promise, paris handed the apple to her. to keep her word, aphrodite helped him to get helen, the most beautiful woman in the world, as his wife. that was the cause of the war.
paris’s choice obviously annoyed the other two goddesses. so during the war, they helped the greek alliance army while some other gods, such as apollo and aphrodite, guarded troy. when paris dueled with helen’s former husband menelaus, aphrodite saved paris when he was about to be finished off.
after the duel between those two people, there was a truce between the greek alliance and troy. however, both hera and athena were not happy to see it. hera pursued her husband zeus:“ now, will you send athena to make the troyjans break the peace?”(page 22 then with zeus’s permission, athena went down to start the war again and finally she brought the greeks to success.
from the whole story, we can see that in ancient greeks’ view, gods sometimes played a much more important role in their life. however, with the rapid development of science, we have learned that the greek gods never existed. this is why a recent movie of troy has not mentioned a single god. everything happened due to men’s ambition, love, loyalty or jealousy. with those emotion and people’s effort, we human beings can accomplish wonders and be master of the world.
god are of less importance than they used to be. nonetheless, the gods and goddesses made the story of troy more mysterious and marvelous.
i have learnt from the book more than the wonderful story of history, love and war. i believe that human can determine their destiny by their own. i highly recommend this book to my friends.
是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方,从该行的顶格写起,在称呼后面一般用逗号(英国式,也可以用冒号(美国式。
(1写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时,用dear或my dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名(这里指名字,不是姓氏。例如:my dear father,dear tom等。
(2写给公务上的信函用dear madam,dear sir或gentleman(gentlemen。注意:dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。gentlemen总是以复数形式出现,前不加dear,是dear sir的复数形式。
(3写给收信人的信,也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:dear prof. tim scales, dear dr.john smith。
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