六年级的学生已经学习了很多首诗词,这是学生第二次接触文言文,文言文的学习方法与古诗词基本相同,对于本课来说,学习方法的指导不是难点,但在本组教材这一大背景下,对文本进行阅读教学时,让学生去品文、思意、悟情,特别是从中感受艺术的魅力,是本课时一个难点。
伯牙从小就酷爱音乐,他的老师成连曾带着他到东海的蓬莱山,领略大自然的壮美神奇,使他从中悟出了音乐的真谛。
他弹起琴来,琴声优美动听,犹如高山流水一般。虽然,有许多人赞美他的琴艺,但他却认为一直没有遇到真正能听懂他琴声的人。他一直在寻觅自己的知音。
有一年,伯牙奉晋王之命出使楚国。八月十五那天,他乘船来到了汉阳江口。遇风浪,停泊在一座小山下。
晚上,风浪渐渐平息了下来,云开月出,景色十分迷人。望着空中的一轮明月,伯牙琴兴大发,拿出随身带来的琴,专心致志地弹了起来。他弹了一曲又一曲,正当他完全沉醉在优美的琴声之中的时候,猛然看到一个人在岸边一动不动地站着。
伯牙吃了一惊,手下用力,啪的一声,琴弦被拨断了一根。伯牙正在猜测岸边的人为何而来,就听到那个人大声地对他说:先生,您不要疑心,我是个打柴的,回家晚了,走到这里听到您在弹琴,觉得琴声绝妙,不由得站在这里听了起来。
伯牙借着月光仔细一看,那个人身旁放着一担干柴,果然是个打柴的人。
伯牙心想:一个打柴的樵夫,怎么会听懂我的琴呢?于是他就问:你既然懂得琴声,那就请你说说看,我弹的是一首什么曲子?听了伯牙的问话,那打柴的人笑着回答:先生,您刚才弹的是孔子赞叹弟子颜回的曲谱,只可惜,您弹到第四句的时候,琴弦断了。
打柴人的回答一点不错,伯牙不禁大喜,忙邀请他上船来细谈。
那打柴人看到伯牙弹的琴,便说:这是瑶琴!相传是伏羲氏造的。接着他又把这瑶琴的来历说了出来。
听了打柴人的这番讲述,伯牙心中不由得暗暗佩服。接着伯牙又为打柴人弹了几曲,请他辨识其中之意。
当他弹奏的琴声雄壮高亢的时候,打柴人说:这琴声,表达了高山的雄伟气势。
当琴声变得清新流畅时,打柴人说:这后弹的琴声,表达的是无尽的流水。伯牙听了不禁惊喜万分,自己用琴声表达的心意,过去没人能听得懂,而眼前的这个樵夫,竟然听得明明白白。没想到,在这野岭之下,竟遇到自己久久寻觅不到的知音,于是他问明打柴人名叫钟子期,和他喝起酒来。俩人越谈越投机,相见恨晚,结拜为兄弟。约定来年的中秋再到这里相会。和钟子期洒泪而别后第二年中秋,伯牙如约来到了汉阳江口,可是他等啊等啊,怎么也不见钟子期来赴约,于是他便弹起琴来召唤这位知音,可是又过了好久,还是不见人来。
第二天,伯牙向一位老人打听钟子期的下落,老人告诉他,钟子期已不幸染病去世了。临终前,他留下遗言,要把坟墓修在江边,到八月十五相会时,好听伯牙的琴声。
听了老人的话,伯牙万分悲痛,他来到钟子期的坟前,凄楚地弹起了古曲《高山流水》。弹罢,他挑断了琴弦,长叹了一声,把心爱的瑶琴在青石上摔了个粉碎。
他悲伤地说:我唯一的知音已不在人世了,这琴还弹给谁听呢?
1、同学们读课题读得很有古文的韵味,那么课文是否也能读出这种味道来呢?请大家自由大声读课文,要求至少读3遍,把课文读通顺、读流利。
2、谁最勇敢?愿意来给大家展示一下你的朗读?(随即对学生的朗读进行点评)
3、处理古文的节奏,我们可以借助这个朋友“/”,也叫停顿符号。(课件2)就像老师这样,我们可以学着在课文中标注。
4、下面让我们一起来放慢速度,有节奏地读读课文。
5、接下来听老师读读!你们再试试看。
6、很好,离开这个朋友,你还会读吗?(课件3点名朗读。
7、再看,又发生变化啦,你还会读吗?(课件4)
1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
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