好的文章动静结合、张弛有度有节奏感。句式也是一样,要有变化性,这不仅能使文章更生动,也是语言表达方式的需要和表达能力的体现。句式的`变化,主要是要注意两点:
● 不要从头至尾使用一种句型。
● 长短句结合。
由于语言功底的欠缺和惯用思维,很多人写的文章一种句式到头,如:
I think …
I hope…
He does it.
He will take it
这样的文章虽然意思表达出来了,却显得呆板,欠生动。解决的办法是:
1.间或使用主从复句。
Because he is very much determined, he will carry it out this time. (原因
比较:He is very much determined. He will carry it out this time.
2.使用分词结构句。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went sightseeing.
比较:The weather is fine. A large number of people went sightseeing.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
比较:Africa is the second largest continent. Its size is about three times that of China.
3.使用不定式句。
To be or not to be, that is a question. (莎士比亚
To study or not to study, that is much different.(引申
To do it well, you must plan it well.
比较:You want to do it well. And you must plan it well.
4.倒装句
Only when we fully recognize its importance can we have control of its essence.
比较:After we fully recognize its importance, we can have control of its essence.
No sooner had he arrived home than it began to rain.
比较:He arrived home. And it began to rain.
5.失衡句
whether or not he will come is still unknown to all the people present.
比较:No one present knows whether he will come or not.
That he has done it all by himself is known to everyone.
比较:Everyone knows that he has done it all by himself.
当然,句子并不是越长越好,也不是越复杂水平就越高。凡事皆有度。太多长句的堆砌让人觉得是买弄。有时侯,一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。特别是在文末段尾。比如:
●As a creature, every one knows.
●Actions speak louder than words.
●Practice makes perfect.
说明文的阅读理解
对于说明文的阅读理解,我们可以抓住三点:说明对象、说明顺序、说明方法。说明顺序就是三种:包括时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序。最重要的是说明方法及其作用,常用的说明方法有分类别、举例子、打比方、列数据、作比较、下定义、作诠释、画图表、引资料。其中涉及较多的是分类别、举例子、打比方、列数据、作比较。分类别的作用是可以将复杂的事物说清楚。举例子可以起到使内容具体、加强说服力的作用。打比方的'说明方法跟修辞格上的比喻是一致的,这种方法可以突出事物的性状特点,增强说明的形象性和生动性。列数据可以使说明的事物更具体,便于读者理解相关内容。作比较跟修辞格上的对比是类似的,在说明某些抽象的或是人们比较陌生的事物,可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较,使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象,事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来。在回答有关说明文的语言问题时,要注意说明文讲求语言的准确性,语言风格又可以分为平实和生动两种。
总结:做说明文阅读理解时要抓住三点,对象、顺序、方法是做好阅读理解题的关键点。
准确是说明语言的特点。分析说明文语言,就是看遣词造句是怎样准确说明被说明事物的特征的。要注意分析关键词语的作用。
如《向沙漠进军》一文中,沙漠是人类最顽强的自然敌人之一中去掉最不足以说明沙漠危害之严重;去掉自然敌人性质就不清楚;去掉之一就绝对化了。当然,文字的生动性也应充分注意。
总结:阅读说明文时,可边读边标出文章所使用的说明方法,然后总结主要使用了哪些方法,并进而分析这些说明方法对准确说明事物特征所起的作用。
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