(一)改写一般疑问句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,将be动词提前,其他顺序不变。
例如:Thisisacat.变为Isthisacat?
(2)原句中有情态动词的(can/may/shall/would)将情态动词提前,其他顺序不变。例如:Hewouldlikeapie.变为Wouldhelikeapie?
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在句首加助动词do或dose(用于主语是第三人称动词单数的句子),其他顺序不变。例如:Iplaytheguitar.变为Doyouplaytheguitar.
(4)原句中的some变any。
注:以情态动词开头的一般疑问句,并且要求对方做肯定回答的`some不变。
(5)原句中的第一人称改为第二人称。例如:Iamanurse.变为Areyouanurse?
(6)以dose开头的一般疑问句,原来动词的第三人称单数形式要变回原形。例如:Hereadsastorybook.变为Dosehereadastorybook?
(二)改写否定句:
(1)原句中有be动词的,直接在be动词后面加not。例如:Itisadog.→It’snotadog./Itisn’tadog.
(2)原句中有情态动词的,直接在情态动词后加not。
例如:Iwouldlikeahotdog.→Iwouldnotlikeahotdog.
(3)原句中是一般动词的,在一般动词前加don’t或doesn’t(用于主语是第三人称单数的句子),doesn’t后面用原型。例如:Iseethreehamburgers.→Idon’tseethreehamburgers.
原句中的some变any例如:Ihavesomebreadan
dmilk.→Idon’thaveanybreadandmilk.
(4)以let开头的祈使句,如果是letus或letme,直接在其后加not;如果let后面其他人称代词宾格(you、him、her、them、it)就在let后面加助动词don’t。例如:Letusgotothepark.→Letusnotgotothepark.再如:Letthemdohomework.→Don’tletthemdohomework.
(三)对划线部分提问:
对划线部分提问,就是先把一个陈述句的划线部分去掉,然后变为一个特殊疑问句:一是特殊疑问句+一般疑问句;
二是特殊疑问句+陈述句(对主语或主语的定语提问,therebe结构除外)
⑴划线部分是人,用who提问。
⑴划线部分是主语,用who提问,who后面的动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:Whois;Wholikes;Whohas?
方法:who+原句的剩余部分
例如:①HelenandMikearelisteningtomusic.
→Whoislisteningtomusic?
②Ihavesomemodelplanes.
→Whohasanymodelplanes?
⑵划线部分是表语,用who提问。
方法:Who+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
⑵划线部分是事或者物,用what提问。
方法:what+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式。
注:如果原句是therebe句型,直接用What’s+地点状语来提问。例如:①Wewouldliketobuysomethingsforaparty.
→Whatwouldyouliketobuyforaparty?
②Therearealotofcakesintheplate.
→Whatisintheplate?
⑶划线部分是物主代词或名词所有格,用Whose提问。
方法:⑴划线部分是主语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分
例如:Ourclassroomisbright.
→Whoseclassroomisbright?
⑵划线部分是表语或表语的定语时,Whose+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:①ThewomanisSuYang’steacher.
→Whoseteacheristhewoman?
注:对某部分的定语提问,被修饰的部分跟随特殊疑问句往前提②ThispurseisYangLing’s.
→Whosepurseisthis?
⑷划线部分是地点,用where提问。
方法:where+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:TheyarehamingaMathslessonintheclassroom..
→WherearetheyhavingaMathslesson?
⑸划线部分是“多少”,用howmany或howmuch提问。
方法:⑴句中是可数名词的用Howmany+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Therearefifteentreesintheplayground.
→Howmanytreesarethereintheplayground?
⑵句中是不可数名词的用Howmuch+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式例如:Ihaveaglassofjuiceforbreakfast.
→Howmuchjuicedoyouhaveforbreakfast?
⑹划线部分是时间,用when或whattime(具体的几时几分)提问。方法:⑴when+剩余部分的一般疑问句形式
例如:SuYangandSuHaiareathomeonSundaymorning.
→WhenareSuYangandSuHaiathome?
⑵问具体的时间直接用Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?问
例如:It’sthreeforty-five.
→Whattimeisit?或What’sthetime?
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的\'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
考辅P42
1.IgaveTomthebook.//
2.Heboughthismothersomeflowers.//
3.Thebridgewasbuiltbyworkerslastyear.//
4.Wehavetofinishtheworktoday.//5.Hewilldohishomeworktomorrow.//
6.Wecleantheroomseveryday.//7.Thewriterspent3yearsonthebook.//
8.Itisabookwithalotofbeautifulpictures.//
9.Thebooksoldverywellduringthefirstweek.//firstweek.
10.Marywastheonlyoneintheoffice.//
11.Shefinishedherworkat10o’clock.//Shedidn’12.Shehadtotakeataxihomebecauseitwastoolate.
13.LizaandMikearrivedattheGreatWallintwohours.
14.Theywerehappytogettothetop.//
15.TheyenjoyedthemselvesontheGreatWall.//
16.ThepostmansentSusanandTommyapaperbox.
17.Theyopeneditandfoundapresentfromtheirfriend.
18.Theybothlikedthepresentandfeltveryhappy.
19.Alicedidn’tfeelwelltoday,soshewenttothehospital.
20.Thedoctoraskedhersomequestions.//
21.Thedoctordidn’tgiveheranymedicineintheend.
(全真1)
1.ThecapitalAirporthasbeeninusefor20years.//
2.ThecapitalAirportisthelargestoneinChina.//
3.Ihavenevertakenaplane.MyfriendLiPing,either.//
(全真2)
1.Fathergave$20formetobuysomebooks.//
2.IwasexcitedwhenIsawsomanygoodbooksinthebookstore.
3.ButsomebookswouldcostmorethanIhave.//
ButIdidn’//(全真3)
1.ManyChinesefriendswenttotheparty.2.Tonywasgivenalotofpresentsbyhisfriends.//Tony’
3.SeeinghisChineseteacheratthepartymadeTonyveryhappy.//(全真4)
1.Iwanttoeatsomething.//2.Therefrigeratorisempty.//3.Bobspentfifteenyuanonthehamburger.///(全真5)
1.Mr.Wangdoesn’tworkinthatfactoryanylonger.//
2.Mr.Wanglefthomeearlierinordertocatchthebus.3.Mr.Wangfindsitnoteasytogetalongwiththatyoungguy.//(专家1)
1.Manypeoplewentshoppingyesterday.
2.Janespent4hourstobuyNewyeargifts.//
3.Shewassotiredthatshecouldn’twalkanylonger.//
(专家2)
1.Myfriendssaidtome,“Areyoufree?”
2.Shewantedmetogoshoppingwithher.
3.Shethinksitapleasuretogoshoppingwithafriend.
In short, it can be said that
一走进我的卧室,最显眼的就是那一排排整齐的各式各样的.娃娃和一大堆的芭比小玩具.这可是我从生出来到现在所有收到的礼物,不管是新的,还是旧的,我都会完整无缺地保存下来.芭比玩具的下面是我最喜欢的书柜,里面摆满了各类书籍,就象一个知识宝库,它们给我的生活带来了欢乐,学到了许多课堂里学不到的知识.书柜的左边是我那张可爱的硬板床,虽然累的时候趴在上面不是像弹簧床一样的舒服,但它却培养了我从小到大不沱背的好习惯.我真高兴.
我的卧室还有三个柜子,里面分别放着我上学以来,每学期获得的奖状和学习用品.卧室的正中墙上是一盏每天都陪着我的小猪灯.上面有两只形状不一的小猪,每天上床睡觉时,我总要跟它们说晚安,我才会进入梦香.
左边墙上的下面是我的衣柜,里面放着我春.夏.秋.冬四季的衣服,有我最喜欢的五颜六色的短裙;粉红色的纱裙;还有上次去旅游妈妈买给我的苗服;等等.
每天放学回来,回到自己的房间,开始做作业,看电视,我就有无拘无束的感觉.总之,一句话:我爱我的卧室,我爱我的自由快乐天堂!
卧房里,一个拥挤的空间,关灯后四周都很暗,只有窗外照进来微弱的路灯和月光,还有收音机的电子屏幕,勉强能看出门、地毯、书桌和书柜的位置,因此在这里,我很快能忘却身旁的事物,进入内心的世界。
躺在床上,听着我的MP3,我开始回想一天所发生的事,或喜或忧。想到快乐的事,就唱起轻快的情歌,重新回温当时的喜悦;想到悲伤的事,便换唱沉重的失恋歌,用力唱完一两首后,便能忘却痛苦;想到愤怒的事,便切到摇滚乐或饶舌乐,并把当中的经典词句大声的`念出来,就好像把令我生气的人斥责了一顿,然后 感到轻松愉快,压力也减少了。为了不吵到别人,我通常会用棉被盖住嘴巴,不让声音传出去,以免父母上来阻止,打断我的抒压。
卧房的床上,是我舒压的地方,有时激动到滚下床,有时痛苦到流下眼泪,卧房帮助我释放了许多压力,就如床上那承受我出气的枕头,是我回忆最多的地方。
1。 It is considered /thought that人们(有人,大家)认为
2。 It is generally /usually accepted /agreed/recognized that普遍(一般,通常)认为
3。 It is believed that有人(人们,大家)相信
4。 It is well—known that大家知道(众所周知)
5。 It is said that据说(有人说)
6。 It is learned that据闻(悉)
7。 It is supposed that据推测
8。 It is estimated/predicted/calculated that据估计(预计)
9。 It must be pointed that必须指出
10。 It is reported that据报道
11。 It must be admitted that必须承认
12。 It will be seen that可见(可以看出)
13。 It will be seen from this that由此可见
14。 It is understood that不用说(都知道)
15。 It can not be denied that无可否认
16。 It has been proved/demonstrated that已经证明
17。 It may be confirmed that可以肯定
18。 It may be safely said that可以有把握地说
19。 It is sometimes asked that人们有时会问
20。 It is expected that/hoped that人们希望
21。 When it comes to要说到,要谈及
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