1。 It is considered /thought that人们(有人,大家)认为
2。 It is generally /usually accepted /agreed/recognized that普遍(一般,通常)认为
3。 It is believed that有人(人们,大家)相信
4。 It is well—known that大家知道(众所周知)
5。 It is said that据说(有人说)
6。 It is learned that据闻(悉)
7。 It is supposed that据推测
8。 It is estimated/predicted/calculated that据估计(预计)
9。 It must be pointed that必须指出
10。 It is reported that据报道
11。 It must be admitted that必须承认
12。 It will be seen that可见(可以看出)
13。 It will be seen from this that由此可见
14。 It is understood that不用说(都知道)
15。 It can not be denied that无可否认
16。 It has been proved/demonstrated that已经证明
17。 It may be confirmed that可以肯定
18。 It may be safely said that可以有把握地说
19。 It is sometimes asked that人们有时会问
20。 It is expected that/hoped that人们希望
21。 When it comes to要说到,要谈及
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ……
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ……
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……
6) Never in our history has the idea that …… been so popular.
7) Faced with ……, quite a few people argue that ……
8) According to a recent survey, ……
9) With the rapid development of ……,
10 When it comes to…, (当说到…
二、列举观点
I.Some people think/believe that…,
Other argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true
1.Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages.
2.Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages.
3.Compared with cars,bikes have their advantages and disadvantages. ,
4.Although computers bring people a lot of convenience,they have many disadvantages.
5....has many advantages.For example,…
6. However,just as every coin has two sides,…has it’s disadvantages.
II…play(san important role/part in……
1.Computers play an important role in science and technology.
2.Computers play a more and more important role in our life.
3.Computers play an increasingly important role in our studies.
4.Education plays an important part in developing our mind.
5.Addiction to alcohol and drugs plays a role in homelessness.
6.Advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.
7.In the past,letters played a decisive role in long-distance communication.But now,telephone,email,and fax have taken their place.
III.With the development of…
1.With the development of our economy,many Chinese families can afford a car.
2.With the development of our economy and society,pollution is more and more serious.
3.With the rapid development of Science and technology,people can get a college degree by taking online-courses at home.
4.With the current social and technological developments,employees with more knowledge and higher academic degrees are needed.
5.With the rapid increase of China's population,housing problem is becoming more and more serious.
6.With more and more women entering the society,people's attitude towards women is changing.
7.With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up, an increasing number of (a growing number of,a significant number of
families can afford a car.
三、陈述自己观点
There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements,but…
四、批驳
1)It is true that ……, but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ……, but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that……
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ……
7) Too much stress placed on …… may lead to ……
8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ……
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ……
10) No one can deny the fact that ……
11) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
12) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ……
13) Recent studies indicate that ……
14) There is sufficient evidence to show that ……
15) According to statistics proved by ……, it can be seen that ……
五、结尾句型 :
英语议论文多以简要总结全文或对所讨沦的问题提出解决办法来结尾。总结全文时除常用到in one/a word,generally speaking,to conclude等外,没有固定模式。提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型:
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ……
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ……
3). We should take measures to control the rapidly increasing world population.
4). We’d better take effective measures to prevent students from cheating on exams.
5). The government decided to take strong measures against drug abuse.
6). Urgent measures should be taken to prevent terrorists from carrying out further attacks.
7) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ……
8) In conclusion, it is imperative that ……
9) There is no easy method, but ……might be of some help.
10) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ……
11) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
12) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
13) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ……
14) Taking all these into account, we ……
15) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear……
六、其他句型
I、There be结构
There+be+主语+(修饰成分,表示客观存在的'人或事物。 There must be a lot of fuel in the tank.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There is no point in talking about it again.
There is something you don't know.
There is not enough time to do the work. .
II、名词化结构
名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。
1.由of连接主谓关系
That the earth revolves around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
名词化:The revolution of the earth around the sun causes the changes of the seasons.
2.由0f连接动宾关系
One of the most important natural phenomena is that energy is transmitted from one point to another in waves.
名词化:One of the most important natural phenomena is the transmission of energy from one point to another in waves.
3.用of连接含有by的短语,把简单句转换成名词短语
《三官经》在道教界有着广泛深远的影响,是道士们念得最多的经典之一,更被誉为是信众学道入门的第一步。为何如此说呢?通读经文后我们知道,人之所以是受苦众生,是因为我们身上或多或少总会存在一些恶习,并且有意无意中触犯了种种戒条或公序良俗,这都是我们通往大道的绊脚石,阻碍我们进步。当我们意识到这些,就要懂得忏悔改过。什么是忏悔?《初真戒说》云:“忏者,忏其前愆,从前所有十恶等业,愚迷执着,娇诳嫉妒等罪,悉皆尽忏禁止,永不复起。悔者,悔其后过,从今以后所有十恶等业,愚迷执着,娇诳嫉妒等罪,今已觉悟,悉皆永断,更不复作。”如何忏悔?在前面的《三官经》经文就讲到,善男信女只要皈依三元,发心诵经悔过,即有“天官赐福,地官赦罪,水官解厄”。此时我们所有的罪恶得到宽恕,灾厄得到解除,更得到天尊的慈光照耀,带着数不完的福报一路前行,身上了无牵挂,不已经是神仙一样洒脱的生活吗?
也许有些朋友对于上述的说法不在乎,说:“我又并非什么修道之人,忏悔有必要吗?对得住自己,开心就好。”是不是就这样呢?我们从经文中找找答案。相信很多朋友的师长都曾讲过这样一句话,“举头三尺有神明”,在《三官经》开头就为我们描述了“大罗天上”的神仙圣境:“天地水官,三界四府众圣曹官,考较司,同诸仙众,讲说经法,救拔众生,放大光明,照见天下万国九州之地,江河湖海之内,阎浮世界之中。”由此可见,原来日常我们所说的“举头三尺有神明”,此真实不虚也!
说到神明,中国人自古以来就有敬天敬神的传统,这不仅是因为祖师修行济世的风范事迹值得我们尊崇学习,更是因为神明是人类行为对错的考较者与记录者,我们通过敬神来约束自己,才不至于行差踏错一堕冥途。道教著名的劝善经典《太上感应篇》指出:“祸福无门,唯人自召;善恶之报,如影随形。是以天地有司过之神,依人所犯轻重,以夺人算……又有三台北斗神君,在人头上,录人罪恶,夺其纪算。又有三尸神,在人身中,每到庚申日,辄上诣天曹,言人罪过。月晦之日,灶神亦然。”你看,有这么多神明在我们头上、身边时刻盯着我们的一举一动,我们做了错事真的就“天知地知”,要遭天谴了,能不心生敬畏吗?还能说做什么事自己开心就好吗?
倘若知错而不改,那么可不得了!《感应篇》说:“如是等罪,司命随其轻重,夺其纪算。算尽则死,死有余责,乃殃及子孙。”自酿苦果也罢,还要连累无辜的后人,于心何忍呢!《三官经》里也郑重警戒我们,说一个人“不修片善,天不容,地不载,致生恶毒,多起瘟瘴,多招讼非,轻重难逃,故作事因,得此苦报,恶难临身,无处解释。”做错事了,我们或许能侥幸逃过良心的自省、道德的谴责和法律的制裁,然而天理昭昭,就凭我们的`小伎俩还能躲得掉天网的追击?一旦落入天网,则“天不容,地不载”,这真是一失足成千古恨!
当然,天上的神明也不会那么小气,总会给我们一个改过自新的机会,毕竟人无完人,圣人尚且会犯错误,更何况是我们这样的凡夫俗子?于是《三官经》教育我们要懂得悔过:“转诵此经,至满千遍,大作踊跃,悔过愆尤,断恶修善。即有地官赦罪,所有恶孽愆尤,俱一赦除,心心恳祷,尽一皈正,恍恍惚惚,耳目心定,神魂安静,精神复旧,罪灭福生,无量功德,其福无边。”世人罪积如山,若不早日猛心回头,清净斋戒,忏悔改过,则三灾八难,其劫难脱。忏悔改过,不仅能免除各种灾厄,还能令自己身心得到安宁祥和,如此,何乐而不为呢?
这里再给大家讲一个和《三官经》有关的真实故事:在黑龙江有位叫做沈爱英的女士,结婚多年,一直没有生育,到处寻医问药也没动静。有次去道观求签,她问道长:“会不会因为我上辈子造孽过多,以致于今生子息难求呢?”道长答复说:“这个事情需要朝礼东岳,忏悔罪过,还要礼拜碧霞元君,求乞子息,另外需要勤加诵读《三官经》,可以赦免人间罪恶,超度亡灵,功德无边。”听罢道长的教诲,沈女士勤加修持《三官经》,还特意去朝礼泰山。斋戒沐浴后,三步一叩首,称念东岳大帝圣号,步步朝礼,忏悔往昔之罪过。次日又从山下步行上山,足足走了五六个小时,朝礼碧霞元君,叩头忏悔,希望元君慈悲,赐予子嗣。三个月后,沈女士梦见有仙女和仙官兵将从天而降,竟是碧霞元君!元君说:“汝前生***业甚重,东岳考校,善恶分明,故今生难有子息。然尔诚心忏悔,感动神明,仗《三官经》功德,冤仇永释,人鬼分离。东岳考校,除汝黑簿,上尔生籍。命吾前来,抱送麟儿。而今而后,汝其勉之。”不久以后,沈女士还真就***了,后来顺利产下了一个大胖小子。(铁冠道人《新辑道教灵验故事汇编》)
你看!天律至重,不加愧过之人,圣教无私,能宥自新之士!我们不仅要忏悔这辈子犯下的过错,甚至还要忏悔累生累劫的诸种罪垢。沈女士意识到这点后,洗心悔悟,众善奉行,时间长了自然有所福报、扭转乾坤,这就是悔过的力量!
话说回来,忏悔的本意并非是说犯错的人认识到自己的错误就足够了,更是要学会弥补。许多人只懂得“忏其前愆”,却从不“悔其后过”,这样,我们也许能知晓之前的过错,新的过错却又滚滚而来,根本无法认清自己,这样的忏悔有何意义?而忏悔改过的最佳方式,莫过于积善了。打个比方,我们人生下来的那一刻简直完美无瑕,就好比是一张白纸,但因为受到后天的情欲物欲等的影响,心灵逐渐蒙蔽起来,烦恼焦躁,犯下过错,心不再透彻光亮,就如同白纸上会布满尘埃。此时我们就要像打扫灰尘一样清理自己的心灵,才会让本心回归原来淳朴的状态,这个过程就是要我们做到发心悔过了。但倘若仅仅做到“清理灰尘”的这一步,那白纸永远只是白纸。而行善就相当于在纸上画出最美丽的图案,所做的善事越多,这幅纸的画面也就越丰富,我们的人生也将因此大放光明。
仙道贵生,无量度人,道教自古以来就有济世利物、慈悲为怀的优良传统,《太上感应篇》中说到:“夫心起于善,善虽未为,而吉神已随之。”《三官经》也指出:“若有善男信女,发心施财,斋戒沐浴,转诵此经,悔过愆尤,即使愆尤永释,人鬼分离,产生无难,母子双全,关煞无刑,生长成人,利益双亲,经力宏深,祈福福至,禳祸祸消。”经文告诉我们,常行善事,我们的灵魂也将得到净化洗礼。以我自己的亲身经历来讲,我在纯阳观内负责着一个义工团队,今年吕祖诞和儿童节前夕,我们募集资金帮助重病的两岁半女童渡过生命的难关。三个月后,就在我写这篇稿子的时候,接到孩子妈妈的微信,说今天是小孩三岁的生日,这段时间以来小孩康复非常迅速,从当初的骨瘦如柴面如土色,到现在能自由控制学步车,做自己喜欢的事情,进步很快。作为母亲,她非常感谢我们的恩情。而我们内心也是百感交集五味杂陈,不是我们做了多大的功德,只是在这个过程中,与其说我们是帮助了人家,不如说是我们救赎了曾经肮脏的自己,在这个过程中反思自我平时的态度,更懂珍惜生活与感恩他人了。
正所谓“功行三千,行圆八百”,我们要想得道成仙,最重要的其中一步就是要做到“功行圆满”,做好人、持善心、行善事,所有一切天地神明都已看在眼里,必将赐予好人无限的福报。“天道无亲,常与善人”,广结善缘、行善积德、济度群迷总有福报的。还是那句话,“举头三尺有神明”,试想如果一个人他的本心不是善良的,神明还会因为他烧了很多香磕了很多头就能赐予他福报,给他消灾解厄吗?一切消灾法,一切解厄法、一切增福法、一切延寿法,莫如行善。明白这个道理后,我们何不多做点善事来福应万灵,光彩自己的人生呢?
关于悔过与积善,我还想特别提出的是,所谓“自度度人”,我们不仅要修炼自己的身心,更应该对那些犯有各种错误或罪行的人,启发他们悔过自新,引导他们走上改恶从善的道路。当前社会上有一种不好的心态,就是对于那些犯错的人坚决要一棒子打死,最好是永世不得翻身。殊不知这种粗暴消极的心态于事无补,断绝他人重新树立生活希望的信心。毁人前程,这也是一种恶行呀!上天尚且有好生之德,我们作为正信的道教徒,更有责任和义务去积极引导感化曾经失足的人重获新生,这种善行不仅关乎于个人的前程问题,更是对提升人际和谐、净化社会风气的一种有力补充,也是上天赋予我们道教徒维护社会太平的使命。别看我们只是救了人家一命,其实累积起来的能量是足以挽救整个世界呢!
《三官经》是如此的玄妙,正所谓“若诵此经,随力见功,酌水献花,其福自应,家有此经,宅舍光明,灾难无侵,佩带此经,万神拥护,鬼祟永灭,心念不空,福力自然,神力扶持,随心应口。”有条件的信众,不妨从道观里恭请一部《三官经》,每天持诵一遍,时间长了自然有所感应。更重要的是,我们道教徒一定要具足正信,信奉神明,知晓“举头三尺有神明”之道理,遵守天尊慈悲的叮咛,遵照经文所讲,每日三省吾身,有过必改。大家还可以发心皈依天地水三官,向其忏悔以往所造诸罪,多行善事;同时更应该用包容的心态去帮扶其他人断恶从善,悔过自新。当我们能做到发心悔过,众善奉行,施福人自有百福骈臻,千祥云集!望同道诸君切记。愿各位都能修真有份,进道无魔!
2.文句短。长句表意丰富,含蓄蕴藉,行文舒缓,给人严谨缜密之感。然而,无深厚的文字功底,加之时的思想紧张,句子一长,极易顾此失彼,造成病句。短句构建快捷,简洁明了,凝练生动,写之顺畅,读之清楚。因此,应力求多用短句,少用长句,长短结合,参差错落。
3.段落短。行文分段不宜太长,段落短小,层次分明,条理清楚,文思脉络显而易见。长段大段,组织不当,便有内容庞杂,冗长累赘,思绪紊乱之嫌。写时尤须力戒“三大段”,防止中间一段连篇累牍,又胖又长,如猪之肥腹,有失雅观。
4.结尾短,范文《议论文点评短语》。抒情怀、凸旨意,不枝枝蔓蔓,不拖泥带水,不画蛇添足,干净利落,戛然而止,余韵悠然。
5.篇幅短。大家知道,中考阅卷正值炎热天气,阅卷工作量大,且有规定的时间,既紧张又辛苦,“鸿篇巨制”显然是不合适宜、不受欢迎的。短小精悍才是选择的上策。当然,通常中考大多都有字数限制,一般在600字左右,写时自然必须按要求去做,但是如果不加控制,过度增字加长,一发而不可收,以致成了“老太婆的裹脚布——又臭又长”,势必让人反感。
6.议论短。议论有画龙点睛之功效。或述感怀或表见解,或评或论,析事剖理,闪金铄玉,当精粹简练,要言不烦,切莫又多又滥。
茶艺人士说,喝茶的环境对于喝茶的人来说,并不是最重要的,这就在于喝者的心情。
喝绿茶可以消暑,冬喝红茶可以祛寒;大口喝茶可以解渴,小口品茶可以知味。人未改,茶是茶,不同的时节,不同的心情,不同的喝法,也就有了不同的滋味,不同的感悟,因而对于真正的品味者来说喝茶自有喝茶的乐趣在。饮茶,既可以养生又可以治病,茶叶中既有营养的乐趣在。饮茶,既可以养生又能治病,茶叶中既有营养成分又有药理作用。如果能根据自我体质,选用适宜茶疗方,对增进健康,增进体质定会有宜。
“冷水泡茶慢慢浓”这是一句值得人们细细品味的喝茶人的妙语。喝茶人总想说出茶的滋味,却不知道茶的滋味,就在喝茶的过程中,喝茶时,要从中体会“所喝的是什么味道”及其敷衍着生活的'滋味,将一份“如何品味”的心思塞在心里,恐怕就全把真正的滋味放过。
平淡的水溶入几片茶叶,就成为茶;似水流年,平常的生活,若是有了一颗自觉他的心,就会充满欢喜,这像宋人杜少山的诗句所写“寒夜客来茶当酒,竹枋汤沸火正红,寻常一样窗前月,才有梅花便不同”
佳茗,是清是醇,是苦中带甘,是超凡脱俗,是不卑不亢,是无声胜有声,更是一种生活态度,我们在品茶中品味人生,品味生活,在生活中体味茶意,才能抚平内心之浮躁,不徐不疾的前进,从容,优雅的生活。人生如茶,茶似人生,只要用心品茗,从容之可得其真味,品茗中,看悠长人生,心宁神静,回味里,天籁之音,缭绕缕缕,属于自己的那一帘幽梦,定会在某个不经意的瞬间,缠绕在身边。
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