俗话说::“人多力量大”。举全班之力,集小流成大渠,建成班级图书角。我们采取的方法是:
2、说明文可分为实物说明文和事理说明文。
3、说明的顺序有:时间顺序
空间顺序:由南到北(由北到南、由东到西),由近到远等逻辑顺序(由总-分、现象本质、因果、主---次、表---里)
4、说明方法:下定义(作诠释)、举例子、列数据、分类别、打比方、作比较、列图表、摹状貌
5、说明语言:前提准确性(生动说明、平实说明)语言题型一般有两种:(1)加点词语能不能删掉,为什么。(2)请找出文中说明语言准确性的句子,并简要分析其表达效果。它的.答案形式一般为:加点词语在句中起限制(强调)作用,限制(强调)了,如果删掉,就变成了,与事实(逻辑)不符,体现了说明语言的准确性。或者文中一句运用了列数据的说明方法,准确地说明了
6、各种说明方法的作用:
(1)下定义:科学地说明了
(2)举例子:具体地说明了
(3)作比较:突出地说明了
(4)分类别:条理清楚地说明了
(5)打比方:生动地说明了
(6)列数据:准确地说明了
(7)列图表:直观地说明了
(8)摹状貌:形象地说明了
(9)作诠释:通俗易懂地说明了
7、各种表达方式在说明文中的作用:
(1)记叙:运用了举例子的说明方法,具体地说明了
(2)议论:点明说明对象的特征或者对上文说明的结论。
(3)描写:运用了摹状貌的说明方法,形象地说明了或者运用了打比方的说明方法,生动地说明了
8、说明的内容(角度):(1)实物说明文:可捕捉表明事物的构造(内外)、形态(大小、长短等)、性质(硬、软、冷、热等)、功用、生活习性等蕴含事物特征的信息来回答。(2)事理说明文可捕捉表明事物原理、规律、成因等蕴含事物事理的词语来回答。
9、归纳说明要点的技巧:一般来说,说明文的要点往往是事物的特征。因此可以通过捕捉表达文章思路的语言标志来感知寿命要点。阅读文章时要注意捕捉那刺耳表提示、过渡、连接、总结等的词语。如:首先其次再次,一方面一方面另一面另外,第一第二第三,总之,不仅如此也(还),更重要的是,还有,特别指出的是,由此可见,然而,可是,因此,抓住了这些词,往往能够分析概括出说明对象的内容、要点与特征。
10、特别提醒:阅读说明文最大的技巧在于找出各段的中心句。
号召班级学生收集起来的废纸和废品挣得的钱订阅书籍。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
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