导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的\',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文:
第2段:Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法
结论:
第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法
“十年”是个沧桑的词。一段人生不过数个十年,却尚且还要留有时间去向往未来和怀念过去,那么一个人又有多少余下的日子来好好度过现在呢?穿花拂柳的是指尖翻转飞驰的光阴,你却因为年少轻狂不去留意;而斜阳花影下,闭上眼睛听到岁月的`声音,你又是否能安定下张狂的心,黯然垂眸,细数蹉跎?
我暂且只拥有一个十年,摸爬滚打在这段人生最稚嫩的岁月里,不得要领。但在逐渐成长时,我却也慢慢懂得时光的残酷。
因为时光终究会带走身边的人——不论是咫尺天涯还是天人永隔。
因为时光终究会打破一个孩子最纯洁无知的世界,让他由懵懂无知不谙世事变得老练圆滑。
因为时光终究会磨碎一个人的棱角,让人戴着面具无喜无悲。
但你不能怨怪谁,因为世上有许多东西一旦掉了就再也捡不起来。像掉在地上的嫩豆腐,像碎成一片片的镜子,像,像太多流失的时光,以及那么多时光带走的东西。十年太短暂,如一片云霞,一滴露珠,如捧在手心的晨曦;然而它又有那么大的影响力,将物事发展得美好,也将粲然星光,终究磨砺成冰冷刀光。
但我感激生命,感激人生中的十年。
摸爬滚打是我所拥有的第一段十年,那么接下来我该成长,该发展,该为年少仰望云端的心情奋斗。一个个十年所沉淀下来的,该任我在尘埃落定之时,抚着积灰的沙漏静默,拾取曾经那些依稀沉浮的光影,遥想当年如何如何。
漫漫时光会将所有欢乐和痛苦凝成阳光,温柔地照拂我们的生命;它会将曾经年轻动人的眉眼镌刻成星辰,静存夜空。而我们要在意的,应是如何编制这一个个十年。
我想我在这漫漫时光河中会遇到何其艰难的困境,忍受谁的流言蜚语,又要牢记什么样的真挚情谊,珍藏怎样的人生风景。十年狂澜暗潮汹涌,但我心怀信念,所以不曾畏惧。
你可以独自一人走一条陌路,你可以为一次失败嚎啕大哭,你可以在沙发枯坐着想一夜前途,但求十年后落幕无悔——你可以站在万人聚焦的舞台上拍着胸脯朗声说,你不后悔。
十年之前,你不谙世事天真纯洁,这很好。
十年之后,你圆滑处世玲珑待人,也不怪你。
十年之中,却是一番你想要的人生风景,你该努力。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
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