1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
滚滚长江入东海,时光亦是如此,昼夜交替,永不停歇,天地万物随着大地的四季变化,有生有灭。生者带着期盼、兴奋的心迎接世界,而逝者则平静、安祥离去,不将带走任何一片云彩。生命整体是生生不息的大地循环,但单一的生命都会走到那最后的一天,人何尝不是如此?
“生命,最重要的不在于它的长度,而是在于它的宽度”,每个人本是生死有命,我们无法掌握,也不能试着去操纵,有婴孩出世顷刻便夭折的遗憾,也有人在世已过耄耋之年。这时,也许有人开始怨天,为何如此残酷?要对人们施以不平等的待遇?我想,事情的发生,必有其原因及道理,无论我们是否能及时明晓。浑浑噩噩过一辈子,再长的生命也是徒然,而积极进取、力争上游的人们即使得知自己来日不常,也会尽力的完成理想、梦想,像蜡烛般燃烧自己,不留下丁点遗憾。
若是我发觉自己生命中的最后一天即将来临,那么,做完尚未完成的事情,说尚未出口的话,一定是我立刻必须意识到的,再来,我也必须了解到,悲伤与绝望在此时,只会成为我的绊脚石,时间虽然所剩无几,但我仍然握有。也许,到那时,亲人将会比我难过;悲痛万分,我便应该加倍打起精神、拾起斗志,自己的最后时刻,要以振奋人心,不是畏畏缩缩的形象烙印在别人心上,而不是自暴自弃,把自己寥寥无几的光阴变得昏天暗地。所谓“春蚕到死丝方尽,在生命的最后一天,我也要为了自己,再多走几步,用我的生命全部来尽我所能。
人生几何?重点实在不是它的长度啊!不玩日愒岁,虚掷任何一分光阴;不做贪官污吏,诈取任何属于自己的身外之物;不安于现状,相信自己绝对还有进步的空间。俯仰无愧,才真能说是没有白活了!
导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
一个人的生命是有限的,怎样才能让有限的生命过得充实富有、多姿多彩,怎样才能让有限的生命飘溢着浓郁的`清香,闪耀出无限的光辉,怎样才能提高生命的质量,让生命增值呢?那就是读书。
在喧嚣的都市中,人们往往忘记了许多原始的生命的本能与需求。汽车代替了行走,电视代替了观察,网络代替了交流。我们不否认进步,但我们知道有的东西是永远不能代替的,如一片纯净的自然,如一本翻黄的旧书,如一首经典老歌。即使我们已经有着e时代的时尚外形,在内心的最深处,也许我们还执着于那种红袖添香的雅致、青梅煮酒的风趣,还有雨夜读书的清幽。
每一个人,也许都会有类似的梦,在遥远的异地,一次次的起程,一次次的出发。渴望走在不同的风景里,而现实中,也许我们只能在办公室里风云叠涌、菜市场内劳碌奔波。
可是,我们可以让自己的心启程,在一本又一本的书里,从一个地方走向另一个地方。人生的积淀,可行万里路,亦可读万卷书。
我们无法丈量自己生命的长度,但我们可以拓展自己生命的宽度,一本让人受益的好书,也许就是一次生命的拓展。总希望在浮生半日的悠闲里,陪伴我们的,是一杯清茶,一卷好书;总希望喧嚣繁复之后,留一隅书香,让好友相聚往来吟唱……
书,让世界简单的人变得丰富;书,让世界喧嚣的人返璞归真。在匆匆的旅途中,在沉沉的行囊里,在紫檀木的小几上……别忘了,留一个位置,给自己最爱的那本书!
喜欢读书,喜欢夜读书。虽无红袖添香,清茶一盏亦足矣!静夜在窗外,古书在几上,灯下的人与影成双。轻轻涌来的历史使近在咫尺的我,就像一场久违的夜雨,随风而来,入心而化,来去之间,将蒙尘的心灵清洗得纤尘不染,沏一壶绿茶,在满室的清馨中,就着窗外的夜色,细细品酌昨日的剪影,灯下的孤独及古今一同的情思。
从来没有想到,会有这样寂静这样无所欲求的心情。古书翻开在几上,微微发黄的书页上清晰地镌刻着淡远的记忆,轻轻将一种心境,一种绵延一代又一代人的心境,穿越岁月的烟尘后,合订为线装的珍本,留传至今。从流走的岁月里,翻开的书页中漫生着洁静的灯光,精致的词汇是一些精致而又自足的灵魂。
我们在夜里独自思索,我们在书页里苦苦寻觅,思索那命运的永不可解。寻觅那初始的真挚悸动,其实人生也是一本书,都市生活的人更需要一些古典的心情,温柔的心情和一颗经过污染还能沉静的心去品读回味,桌上摊开的是人生,窗外流逝的是岁月,灯下独坐的,不是过客,是归人。
时光如流,夜色如墨,周围的呼吸,渐渐睡去。而我总是倚着床,点着灯,仍痴痴的读着文字,就似读春季的鸟语花香。读夏季的雷鸣雨飘。读秋季的梧桐落叶。读冬季的冰封雪塑。读也读不尽的柔情,如水浸漫我所有的情愫。
岁月悠长,我寄情于书我便永不孤独。我与文字有着永久的盟约。时乖命蹇她将我安慰。患难悲愁她为我解忧。
一个人倚在窗边,看着雨中稀疏的行人,一种悲凉油然而生。忽然很想念身在异地的父亲,此刻他是不是仍在工地上挥洒着汗水,精心完成又一件伟大的艺术品呢?我在记忆的长河中搜索着。许久,才从其中一个匣子中翻出一个模糊而发黄的影像。我才明白过来,原来自己和父亲之间的那道围墙已经这么高了。
依稀记得小时候,总喜欢依偎在父亲的怀抱中,仿佛那里是世界上最温暖、最安全的地方。小小的脑袋藏进父亲宽大的胸膛中,暖暖的。父亲便是我的游乐园。每当扑进父亲怀中,他总是会给我讲许多故事,时不时地用他那富有个性的胡子在我的小脸袋儿上蹭几下,逗得我咯咯大笑,心里却是甜甜的。在他的怀抱中,我大可安心的嬉戏,睡觉。不必担心下雨会淋湿,更不怕阳光的烧灼。和父亲走在喧嚣的大街上,我的小手躲在父亲的大手中,好温暖。我仿佛感到父亲的心跳,那是种多么喜悦与幸福的跳动,铿锵有力。在父亲的怀抱中,我这只快乐的小鸟一天天长大。
直到十三岁那年,我盲目追求时尚。偷偷把父亲给的零用钱买了一双极为流行的长筒靴子,心里美滋滋的。我才发现,原来这个世界上除了父亲那诱人的怀抱外,还有更多美好的东西。学校里,同学们华美而高贵的着装成为我视角中唯一的风景线,我羡慕极了。站在镜边我左看右看上看下看,一身洗得发黄的旧衣服在长筒靴的映衬下,显得那么刺人。我好恨,恨自己那个不争气的父亲,那个老土的父亲,他永远都不能给予我想要的`一切。我甚至在心里暗自咒骂他。对于他的好,全然抛于脑后。我开始讨厌和他站在一起,看着他那被皱纹爬满的面颊,望着他那仿佛穿了一辈子不曾换过的旧衣服,我充满鄙夷。在回家的路上,我在前面走着,而他则在一肩之外的后面,提着书包,慢慢踱着。一路无语,唯有一无形的距离将我们隔开。
岁月匆匆,时间将他的头发冲白,皱纹愈加猖狂地咆哮着,我们之间的言语就更少了。只在闲暇时,才搭几句话,我想其实我并不是出于真心想和他说话吧。不然,我脸上为什么会流露出不耐烦?于是,我明白了,原来夹在我们之间的那道鸿沟根本无法逾越,它已深深扎根于我心底,并且根深蒂固。我也从未想到父亲看到我的不屑又会是何等伤心。
如今,我们已天各一方,他为我的学业而奔走操劳着。只偶尔在电话线的一头一点点拉近我们的距离。我终于明白距离产生美,我与父亲间的距离已化成我心里思念的源泉,正滋生一种叫祝福的芳香,飘向了远方……
世界上最遥远的距离不是生与死,而是对你爱护的人你永远都没有认真把握。父亲,一切我都已经知道了,真的知道了。但我已经失去太多太多了……
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
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