流行语的出现在通俗语言的发展过程中,是一种极为常见的现象。任何一种语言的发展过程都是如此。一个社会并存着正式与通俗两种语言。英语从最古老的日耳曼萨克逊式古英文退化到现代英文。可现代英文在英国人古板的腔调下不耐烦了,又冒出了变化无穷的美式英语,这就是正式语言吸纳各种词汇而逐渐向通俗化过渡的一个典型的案例。但正式语依旧保持着它应有的地位,就职演说或者会议公报,字里行间透露着古英文的严谨规整。牧师祷告起来thou、thee满口,压的韵极其美妙;而喜欢莎士比亚的人们去翻看十四行诗时,也都跑去翻看原汁原味的古英文版。
同样,我们的中文,在新文化运动时提倡白话文也是为了打破官方意识形态对语言的压抑。相比起文言文,暂不说到文学,当时市井的半洋话到今天还有不少仍被沿用。这些语言从本质上讲就是当年的流行语。当年的蔡元培先生也说过,真正白话用得好的.人,文言文功底绝对不差。这观点到现在依然成立。因为毕竟中文是前后相继的。文言文严谨规整被继承到了正式语言中,最明显的就是学术论文。两个学者因为观点对立而笔墨交锋时,写论文必定要说:我们二人在争论观点。而下了台面泡杯茶,当然也大可以说我们俩在比赛。易中天上百家讲坛都这么说了,他说到孙权和刘备比赛,这反倒显得生动。这并不矛盾。
所以对于流行语泛滥大可不必一惊一乍,语言本是一种自由的东西。他们会成为点缀我们日常生活的点心。而正式用语中谁倘若这么用了,他自己也会觉得滑稽。中文所要面对的不是新旧词汇的冲击,而是自身现行美学形态构建的失败,也就是象形语言的丢失,以及迷失在对字母语言粗浅的模仿中。
1。thereof
以”there”为前缀加上介词构成的词,如thereafter, thereby, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereunder, thereupon, therewith等,在文中具体指什么,需要读者依照合同的上下文来判断,因而理解起来比较复杂,请看下例:
This Agreement is written in the English language。 In case of any discrepancy between the English version and any translation thereof, the English text shall govern。 句中”the English version and any translation thereof”从上下文判断意为 “the English version and any translation of the English version”,即thereof一词代替of the English version。与以here开头的词如hereof的理解方法类似。
2。therein
该词意为in that, in that particular
context, in that respect,“在那里”,“在那点上”,“在那方面”,表示上文已提及的“合同中的”“工程中的”。如:the contract or any part thereof意为the contract or any part of the contract,合同或合同的任何部分。
3。thereto
该词意为:to that,“随附”,“附之”,如:“Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto。 句中or developments with respect thereto 意为:or developments with respect to the developments。
4。thereunder
该词意为:under that, “在其下”,“依照”,如:The Borrower fails to pay any amount payable thereunder as and when such amount shall become payable。 句中any amount payable thereunder意为any amount payable under the contract。
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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