导入:
第1段:Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧
正文:
第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点
Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由
第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点
Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由
结论:
第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点 オ
导入:
第1段:提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题
As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对
The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句,承上启下
正文:
第2段:First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的`理由
结论:
第3段:In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段,构成"总—分—总"结构
1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
I was born in a beautiful town with high mountains around it.The mountains are covered with all kinds of green bamboo.Through the town runs a small stream.It’s said that a new railway is going to be built to the east of the town and a bamboo factory to the west.All the children of the school age can go to school.If anyone is ill,he can go to see the doctor in the newly-built hospital.People in the town are hard-working and never take the backwardness lying down.Though they are having a richer and better life,they are not satisfied with what they have got.They are working hard to build their town into a modern one.
就一个小学毕业生的观察力、思维力、想象力、表达力和审美力来讲,是不会写出这样的文字的。这篇作文带着明显的家胶(或老师代笔的痕迹。这样的作文就不能算是好作文了。 二、不要抄袭别人的作文。抄袭是可耻的。在阅卷中,我们发现有一篇峪我喜欢傻弟弟》和中国少年儿童出版社出版的《小学生作文选评》中的.《傻弟弟》文章一模一样。不过《傻弟弟》是江苏省新沂县新安小学赵耀同学写的。这种背诵别人的文章,几乎一字不差地把它默写在作文卷上的作法,属于抄袭的性质,是不对的。
要知道阅卷老师比你看的、读的文章还要多,采取背默别人的文章的结果是把自己害了,落得作文成绩很槽搽! 三、不要照搬范文或将范文改头换面。考试中有的班从题日到选材,从结构到语言竟出现惊人的雷同。全班39人竞有。"= 0篇写《我喜欢小花猫》(考题是“我喜欢·…“,,,结构一也完全一样。还有一个班,占三分之二的同学写了《我喜欢的一件东西》。这种东西都写的是水彩颜料。开头竞然都是这样写的: “在我的小柜里,摆满了我喜欢的东西。有一支精致的圆珠笔,一盒水彩颜料,还有五颜六色的小球,其中我最喜欢的是那盒水彩颜料。”
还有一个班,九人都写《我喜欢小闹钟》,有八人把钟罩打碎了。实际生活能这样“不约而同”吗? 究其原因,可能是班上读了某篇散文,作为作文的参考和学习文章。要}n道。这是为了学习,并不是要去照搬。照搬的结果,会出现雷同,反映不出自己的写作水平,同样会影响考试成绩的, 四、不要胡编瞎诌,否则会出笑话的。 一篇作文写《我喜欢的小公鸡》,写的是他喂鸡,不久就从鸡窝里拾到四五个又圆又白的鸡蛋。小公鸡会下蛋,真是荒唐! 有一篇《我喜欢的小花猫》,其中一段是这样写的:老鼠爬到灯饱上,虽然小花猫上不去,可它把大眼睛转了儿下,就顺着蚊帐爬上去了,把电灯开关一开又爬一r一「来。
小花猫在灯下好象要石若小老鼠活2舌地烧死。这时,老鼠已经被烧得奄奄一息了,又过了五分钟,小老下来。小花猫高兴得笑了。—一我们的小作者大概走进了小童话的世界吧了 产生以上问题的原因,主要是想得一个高分数,又想不花费气力,走条“捷径”。于是就用突击的手段,背、抄、编、凑。这种文凤是不足取的,我们应牢牢记住这样的教训。
预祝你们取得优异的成绩!
Computer is a very useful machine. Some of them are big, but some of them are very small .Many people like playing computer. Computer has many functions, so that people can do a lot of things by computer, like watching movies, listening to the music or playing games. It can make our lives very colorful and convenient. Various people can make good use of computer. Children can use computer to learn and play games. Parents can use computers to work. I think computer is a kind of wonderful and interesting machine, so I like computer very much.
电脑是一种很有用的机器。有的电脑很大,但是有的'很小。很多人喜欢玩电脑。电脑有很多功能,人们可以i用电脑做很多事情,比如说看电影,听音乐或者玩游戏。它可以使我们的生活充满色彩和便利。各种各样的人都可以好好利用电脑。小孩子可以用电脑来学习和玩游戏。父母可以用电脑来工作。我认为电脑是一种神奇有趣的机器,所以我很喜欢电脑。
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