Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
一般书信可分为称呼、正文、结尾、署名、日期五个部分,每个部分都有一定的格式。
(1)称呼。根据自己和收信人的关系,平时怎么称呼,在信中就怎么写。如给爸爸写信,称呼就写爸爸;写信给老师、同学的信,称呼就写*老师、**同学。称呼要从第一行顶格写起。称呼后面要加冒号(:),表示下面有话要说。
(2)正文。这是信的主要部分。写信人要说的话都写在这里。正文的开头空两格,通常先写问候的话。如果是回信,先要写明来信收到,并对来信中提及的问题或要求办理的事情作出回答。如果写的事情较多,可以分段写,一件事情写一段。每段起行空两格,转折顶格。
(3)结尾。结尾可根据写信人跟随收信人的关系和具体情况,写上表示祝愿,勉励或敬意的祝颂语。如此致敬礼、祝你健康等等。祝愿语一般分两行写。以此致敬礼为例,此致可以紧接正文之后写,也可以另起一行空两格写,敬礼则一定要另起一行顶格写。
(4)署名。在结尾的再下一行的后半行写自己的名字,署名的前面也可以写上跟随对方相应的称呼,如儿、弟、学生等等。
(5)日期。可以写在署名的后面,也可以写在署名下一行的后半行。最报写清年月日,以便查考。
此外,如果信已经写完,又发现内容有遗漏,或某件事叙述不够全面时,在信的后面还可以补写。但是在补写的话前面要加上还有、另外、再;或在后面加上又及等字样。
信写好了,要寄出去,还必须要有信封。现在的标准信封是横写的。信封上面写惧人的邮政编码、收信人地址;中间写收信人的姓名;下面写寄信人的地址、姓氏及邮政编码。
总之,我们要打破以教师命题为中心,以解题为主线,学生为写作而写作的违背学生认知规律的传统作文教学模式,为学生的自主写作提供有利条件和广阔空间,减少对学生写作的束缚,鼓励自由表达和创造性表达。
左上方填写邮编及收信人地址;
信封中间居中写收信人姓名,加上称呼。它可以是写信人对收信人的称呼,也可以是邮递员对收信人的称呼。后者为王力先生的观点,实际上邮递员只认为是写信人对收信人的.称呼。收信人后面没有称呼是不礼貌的,属于格式上的错误。
信封右下方为寄信人地址及邮编。
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