1。 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者,使人到真实可信,如身临其境。如:
The other day, I was driving along the street。 Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast。 I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side。 But it was too late。 The car hit my bike and I fell off it。
用第三人称叙述,优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制,而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者,直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前,文章的客观性很强。如:
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard。 On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover。 Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short。 What could he do? Then he had a good idea。
2。 动词的时态
在记叙文中,记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高,且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的',这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化,正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3。 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙,都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作,较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙,读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果,让所叙之事跌宕起伏,使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃,从而为文章所吸引,深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当,则容易弄巧成拙,使文章结构散乱,头绪不清,让读者不知所云。
4。 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如:
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things。 Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao。 It is really a beautiful city。 There are many places of interest to see。 But what impressed me most was the sunrise。
The next morning I got up early。 I was very happy because it was a fine day。 By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red。 In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing。 The sun was very red, not shining。 It rose slowly。 At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball。 At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright。
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5。 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述,可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态,使记叙生动、有趣,使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果:
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something。 Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front。 I thought maybe someone was knocking the door。 I asked who it was but I heard no reply。 After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor。 I realized it was the cat。 I felt released。
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字,但经作者这么一写,就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式,没有人物语言,把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整:
I was in the kitchen cooking something。 "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front。 Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply。 After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor。 "It's you。" I said, quite released。
网课,是疫情时美丽的流行;关怀,是生活中永恒的经典。——题记
E-learning is a beautiful epidemic in the epidemic; caring is an eternal classic in life. ——Inscription
疫情的肆虐使今年的.寒假出奇地漫长。为了让我们“停课不停学”,老师们都摇身变成了“主播”或线上“客服”。一时间,网课成了美丽的流行,而老师们隔空的帮助让学生觉得这个寒假不太冷。
This years winter vacation is surprisingly long because of the epidemic. In order to let us "stop classes and never stop learning", teachers have become "anchor" or "customer service" online. For a while, online classes became a beautiful fashion, and the teachers help in the gap made students feel that this winter vacation was not too cold.
网课之初,我们学生大部分还可以管控好自己。可“路遥知马力,日久见人心”,有些同学渐渐显示出了本色,私底下约定时间玩游戏、跟同学聊天,甚至忘记了上网课。可是你们知道吗,老师为了让我们“不停学”,费尽了心血。
At the beginning of online classes, most of our students were able to control themselves. However, some students have gradually shown their true colors. They have privately arranged time to play games, chat with their classmates, and even forget about online classes. But did you know that the teacher made great efforts to keep us going.
就说我们班的黄老师吧,每天傍晚,都要为我们准备第二天的所有学习任务清单。老师要先把视频课看一遍,如果效果不好,又会继续搜寻,一定要寻找到最好的学习资源,争取不给学生留下一丝漏洞和不好的体验。
Lets say that Mr. Huang in our class prepares a list of all the learning tasks for us every evening. The teacher should watch the video lesson first. If the effect is not good, he will continue to search. He must find the best learning resources to avoid leaving any loopholes and bad experience for the students.
接着随时监督学生的作业完成情况,那一份份电子作业发出去,每一次都收到写55份作业图片。是图片啊,你能想象得到,老师在屏幕上认真批改每个同学作业的情景吗?不仅有勾画圈点,还有批语呀。张同学哪个字写错了,李同学这个句子不通顺,王同学的字迹太潦草……老师都会一一批注,还经常出现鼓励性语言,为同学们加油,而且几乎不重复。
Then monitor the completion of the students homework at any time. When the electronic homework is sent out, 55 pictures of the homework are received each time. Its a picture. Can you imagine that the teacher carefully corrects each students homework on the screen? There are not only sketching circles, but also comments. Whats wrong with Zhang? Lis sentence is not smooth. Wangs handwriting is too scrawly Teachers will annotate one by one, and often use encouraging language to cheer students on, and almost no repetition.
那次小朱同学忘提交作业了,老师便马上用短信提醒,收到作业图片后,又马上批改,并督促订正。面对作业质量差、态度不认真的同学,老师还会进行电话家访。老师还会在百忙之中抽时间解答学生的疑问呢!
That time, Zhu forgot to submit his homework. The teacher immediately reminded him with a text message. After receiving the pictures, he immediately corrected them and urged them to correct them. In the face of the students with poor quality and not serious attitude, the teacher will also make a telephone home visit. The teacher will take time out of his busy schedule to answer the students questions!
那一次,我在学习文言文《掩耳盗铃》时遇到了困惑,便发了一条信息咨询老师。知道老师很忙,根本没指望老师马上能回复。可出乎意料,不到一分钟,竟然收到了老师的回复,回复中不仅有文字,还有查证的图片,最后还附上一段让我信心满怀的鼓励性话语:很高兴你能这么积极主动地钻研,老师为你的发现和大胆质疑叫好。以后学习上遇到有分歧的问题,不要迷信权威,只管大胆求证。为你的探究精神点赞!
That time, when I was learning the classical Chinese "hiding my ears and stealing the bell", I met with confusion and sent an information consultation to the teacher. Knowing that the teacher is very busy, I didnt expect the teacher to reply immediately. But unexpectedly, I received the teachers reply in less than a minute. There were not only words but also verified pictures in the reply. At the end of the reply, I also attached a piece of encouraging words that made me confident and full of confidence: Im glad that you can study so actively, and the teacher applauds your discovery and bold query. In the future, if you encounter different problems in your study, dont believe in authority, just dare to prove it. Praise your spirit of inquiry!
我不知道这次疫情还有多久才能结束,但网课却给我们的学习增添了新时代的快乐,已成为我成长中遇到的最美丽的流行;老师的付出和大爱,让我们的心通过互联网这根神秘的丝线,紧紧地联系在一起,那无微不至的关怀,已成为我生活中永恒的经典。
I dont know how long it will take for the epidemic to end, but online classes have added a new era of happiness to our learning, which has become the most beautiful fashion I have ever met in my growth. The teachers efforts and love have made our hearts closely linked through the mysterious thread of the Internet. That meticulous care has become an eternal classic in my life.
(1 模版1
Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.
Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.
(2模版2
In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.
The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.
Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.
(3模版3
Nowadays more and more ______are commonly and widely used in everyday life,ranging from __________to_____________.
The popularity of _______will have a great influence on ______.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand,__________.
To conclude,____________are just like a double-edged sword.With them we may________.However,one point should be kept in mind that we should make sensible use,always being a master instead of slaving of them.
今年的寒假是个不平凡的寒假。由于新型冠状病毒,开学时间延迟。为了保证教学工作的正常进行,学校开展了网络课程。今天是网上教学的第四天,同学们都慢慢适应了这种新颖的教学方法,也没有因为老师的监督而松懈了自己的学习,在课上积极回答老师的问题,认真听讲,课后也按时完成自己的作业。而成为“主播”的老师们轮流完成各门学科的授课,上课很积极,课件准备的很用心,知识点也总结的很到位。我感觉这次网上教学的方法,即能保护同学和老师的安全,又能进一步激发同学们学习的兴趣,从而提高学习的效率。
This years winter vacation is an extraordinary one. Due to the novel coronavirus, the school hours are delayed. In order to ensure the normal progress of teaching, the school launched the network course. Today is the fourth day of online teaching. The students have gradually adapted to this new teaching method, and have not slackened their study due to the supervision of the teacher. They actively answer the teachers questions in class, listen carefully, and finish their homework on time after class. The teachers who become the "anchor" take turns to complete the teaching of various subjects. They are very active in class, attentive in courseware preparation and in place in knowledge summary. I feel that this online teaching method can not only protect the safety of students and teachers, but also further stimulate students interest in learning, so as to improve the efficiency of learning.
2020年春节,一场新型冠状病毒引发的肺炎疫情笼罩了中华大地。人们开始足不出户,生活变得压抑起来。在这样的背景下,教育部发布通知“停课不停学”,正式开辟了一种崭新的学习方式,网上授课。
A novel coronavirus epidemic caused by pneumonia in 2020 was enveloped in China. People began to stay indoors and life became oppressive. In this context, the Ministry of Education issued a notice of "no suspension of classes", officially opening up a new way of learning, online teaching.
每天在钉钉直播群里上课,我认为这种教学方式变得生动活泼,我的学习兴趣也提升了许多。老师们每节课在直播间里以课件的形式向我们授课,整节课的.知识框架变得清晰明朗了起来,这是十分有利于我们接受并消化东西的。
Every day in nail live group classes, I think this teaching method has become lively, my interest in learning has also increased a lot. Teachers teach each lesson to us in the form of courseware in the live room. The knowledge framework of the whole lesson becomes clear and clear, which is very conducive to our acceptance and digestion.
其次,就是这种方式突破了原有的教学模式。在学校是每一个学科只有一个老师授课,但在网上授课则是许多不同的老师担任我们的任课老师,使我们能充分了解到不同老师的教学风格和特点,进而可以得知自己感兴趣的教学方式。
Secondly, this way has broken through the original teaching mode. In school, there is only one teacher for each subject, but in online teaching, many different teachers are our teachers, so that we can fully understand the teaching styles and characteristics of different teachers, and then we can know the teaching methods we are interested in.
再者,在网上授课时,每个老师一天只需上一节课或两节课,这就为老师们挤出了充足的时间为同学们批改作业及写评语,可以使同学们了解到自己作业的不足和突出的地方,之后就知道我们可以向哪一个方向努力。
Moreover, in online teaching, each teacher only needs to have one or two classes a day, which makes the teachers have enough time to grade and write comments for the students, so that the students can understand the shortcomings and highlights of their own work, and then know which direction we can work in.
总而言之,我们在这足不出户的冬日勃发着学习的兴趣。“冬天来了,春天还会远吗?”我相信,只要我们认真进行网上学习,永远保持着学习的自信,总有一缕阳光,会突破疫情的阴霾,带来温暖的春天。待到春暖花开时,我们再聚校园。
All in all, we are interested in learning in this winter. "If winter comes, will spring be far behind?" I believe that as long as we carefully carry out online learning and always maintain our confidence in learning, there will always be a ray of sunshine, which will break through the haze of the epidemic and bring warm spring. When spring comes, we will get together on campus.
Last Sunday, Jim went out to fly a kite. The kite flew highly in the sky. Jim ran with it happily.
Suddenly the line was broken and the kite flew away. Soon it disappeared. Where was it?
Jim had no idea. So he had to run here and there to look for the kite. At last he saw it on the top of the tree. He tried to get it down. But he couldn’t. He felt sad.
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