1。 头绪分明,脉络清楚
写好记叙文,首先要头绪分明,脉络清楚,明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析,弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程,然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”,但动笔之前,围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2。 突出中心,详略得当
在文章的框架确定后,对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍,应该从表现文章主题的需要出发,分清主次,定好详略。要突出重点,详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节,略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化,使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题,也需要一定的技巧。如:
One night a man came to our house and told me, "There is a family with eight children。 They have not eaten for days。" I took some food with me and went。
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured (破坏外貌) by hunger。 There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger。
I gave the rice to the mother。 She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice。 When she came back, I asked her, "Where did you go?" she gave me this simple answer, "To my neighbors — they are hungry also!"
3。 用活语言,准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动,又要表现力强,这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动,其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文:
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away。 He was soon lost among people and traffic。 He could not find the way back home and started crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying。 They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened。 Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived。 The two students decided to take him home。 Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound。 She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it。 She served them with tea but they left。
修改后:
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street。 After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home。 But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic。 When he could not find the way home, he started and crying。 Just then, two young students who were passing by from school found him sanding crying in front of a shop。 They immediately went up to him。
"Little boy, why are you standing here crying?" they asked。
"I want Mom, I go home。" said the boy, still crying。
"Don't worry, we'll send you home。"
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house。 With the help of a policeman, they finally found it。
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house。 Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea。
渔夫和妻子自从养了七个孩子后,生活更加艰难。他们不停的干活,不是为了更加有钱,而是为了填饱肚子。桑娜把自己的食物给了两个孩子。自己和丈夫少吃一点,也不想让孩子挨饿。
桑娜正在火炉旁穿着贝壳,他们想穿一点贝壳项链来维持生计。古老的钟嘶哑的敲了二下、三下······可桑娜并没有停下来的意思。孩子们正睡的甜,渔夫突然把门给打开了。他得意的走到妻子的旁边,把打来的鱼和捡来的贝壳哗啦啦的倒出来。桑娜先是一惊,后来激动的问渔夫:“真的是你打到的吗?可真多!我实在是太高兴了!”
“是我打到的,这下可没有可愁的了!”
“是啊,是啊!噢,对了,你是怎么打到的?”
“嘿嘿!
” 渔夫搔搔后脑勺说,因为你是我的妻子所以我告诉你吧!
妻子的面色突然变了,说:“怎么一回事?”
“其实,我把拖尼打的也偷偷给骗到我手里了,拖尼个笨家伙!”
桑娜严肃的对渔夫批判到:“你怎么能这样做!就算我们揭不开锅也不能去偷骗别人通过劳动换来得东西!
” 桑娜十分气愤。
渔夫说:“可是我们真的很穷呀!”
“穷,也不能这样做!”
“可是,他们家有的是钱,不缺这些小玩意!”
“快把这些还回去!我们不会昧着良心做坏事的!”
“好吧!”
“快去!”
两个人一起收拾起来,把贝壳和鱼装进袋子里。让渔夫把它送去。
渔夫在去的路上不停地想妻子对他说的话,知道了自己的过错。咚,咚,咚。渔夫礼貌的敲了门。门打开了,托尼看着一身破烂不堪的渔夫问:“有什么事吗?”
“哦,对了!我来是想把属于你的东西······还给你······你不会因为我偷了你的东西而生气?”
“哦,”托尼笑了笑,“当然不会了。”
“谢谢你的理解······也许······我的妻子说的是对的······就算我们穷人再揭不开锅,也不能去偷骗别人通过劳动换来的的东西。真的!十分抱歉!”渔夫羞愧的支支吾吾。
渔夫回到家中,看见家里还是十分破旧与狭小,但,他并不觉得自己贫穷,因为,他发现了一种精神,一种品质围绕在这个家中,使这个家庭真正的富有起来!他们不是在金钱上的富有,而是精神品质上的富有!
有一天,桑娜与渔夫领养了女邻居西蒙的两个孩子之后,生活便变得更艰苦了每天,渔夫都要出门打足够的鱼回来;而桑娜便每天都要照顾七个孩子的吃穿住行,虽然孩子们都很懂事,很吃苦,很听话,但桑娜还是得很勤劳,每天都累得精疲力尽。
就这样,日子一天一天地过去了,桑娜与渔夫也一天一天地穷了下来。终于,在一个寒冷的早晨,他们被迫将房子卖掉,带着七个孩子四处流浪。
一日,他们来到了一个大城市里。一路上,天阴阴的,没有一个人为他们解囊相助,他们已经筋疲力尽,面黄肌瘦了。于是,他们挨家挨户的去行乞。可是,天意弄人,别人不是把他们踢出去,就是用水冷泼,可真是惨不忍睹。就在这时,一个手断腿瘸白发苍苍的老人一瘸一拐地走过来:“好心人啊,施舍施舍吧,救救我这个可怜的老人吧!\"桑娜不禁流起了泪来,对渔夫说:“丈夫,看这个老人饥饿无比的样子,吧我们剩下的黑面包给他吧!”“这……这怎么行呢?我们已经没什么饭吃了,怎么能给他呢?我们的七个孩子怎么办呢?”丈夫缓缓地说,看起来还不能决定。“我们的孩子……算了……就这样吧……不用管了,这个老人太可怜了,他毕竟是老人啊,已经活了大半辈子了,还要忍受寒冷饥饿之苦,怎么能这样呢?”桑娜转过头来,对老人说:\"来吧,我们只要这块黑面包,你拿去吧!”老人连忙点头,连声道谢,就急匆匆地走了。
之后几天里,他们没有衣服穿,更加没有食物。他们想只要有食物,不管是猪食还是狗食,只要能吃,他们就满足了……就这样,他们一家子挨饿受冻了三天三夜,终于在一个下雪的早晨,昏倒在地……
“……哦……”桑娜与渔夫醒了过来,映入帘的是那天向他们乞讨的那个老人和一个年轻力壮的小伙子。原来,老人是一个富翁,想找一个心地善良的管家。于是,便化妆成一个穷人去行乞,结果便碰到了他们……
就这样,桑娜当上了富翁家的管家,一家人过上了开开心心,幸福无比的生活……
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