to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
作为议论文的三大要素之一,是论点和论证的基础,具有极其重要的作用。综观近几年的高考满分,议论文在论据的使用方面确实有不少独到之处,很值得借鉴和学习。
立,就是亮出论点;摆,就是摆出事实;议,就是讲明道理。其中,议中扣题至关重要。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
“众人皆醉我独醒”,“路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索”,“虽九死其犹未悔”——面对支离破碎的祖国,面对饥寒交迫的百姓,作为士大夫的屈原束手无策,于是他纵身跃入了涛涛江水中;屈原是为黎民百姓谋幸福的士大夫,面对朝廷的腐败,束手无策的他只能投身于江,为祖国献出宝贵的生命。(这是繁例)屈原找准了自己的位置。现代社会中,也有许多找准自己位置的人。他们不盲目羡慕高官厚禄与富足的生活;他们只为祖国的安定、进步、发达做自己的贡献。刘翔、杨立伟、费俊龙、聂海胜和中国女排的姑娘们就是这样的人。(这是简例)
找准位置,是张骞行出的驼铃阵阵,是苏武牧羊的忠诚刚烈,是昭君出塞的黄沙漫漫,是卫青迎向大漠的旌旗猎猎,是岳飞仰天长啸的壮怀激烈,是郑和七下西洋的浪花飞舞与雄心勃勃……(这是叠用论据)找准位置,不能让迷雾遮住双眼,不能任狂风吹散信念……即使我们的紫葡萄化为深秋的露水,即使我们的鲜花依偎在别人的怀抱,我们也要依然坚强地擦亮双眼,寻找生命的契机,等待机遇的光临。(这是紧扣论点论证)
一天,我到阿姨家去,想把这个电子娃娃也带去。可是,又觉得自己已经是个小学生了,抱着娃娃到处走,也太不好意思啦!于是,我找了一条围巾,把它盖在娃娃身上,离开了家。
我抱着娃娃挤上了公共汽车。车厢里的乘客多极了。大家挤来挤去,一下子,娃娃嘴里的奶嘴给挤掉了。
“哇哇,呜哇……”娃娃放声大哭起来。我吓得连忙弯下身子,寻找奶嘴。=
“谁让个坐位给抱孩子的小妹妹坐?”一位售票员阿姨亮开嗓门喊、这时,坐着的乘客纷纷起来让坐,我刚拾起奶嘴,就被一位戴眼镜的叔叔拉到他的坐位上去了。
“***妈也真是的!”坐在后面的阿姨不满地说,“让你这么一个孩子抱着小毛头出来挤车,出了事怎么办呀?”
“是呀,她妈妈的.胆子也太大了!”
这时候,我不好意思地说:“这不是小毛头,是个电子娃娃。”说着,我掀开围巾,把奶嘴塞进电子娃娃的嘴里,娃娃这才止了哭声。周围的人看了,都禁不住哈哈大笑起来:“哈……”车厢里充满了欢乐的笑声。
独辟蹊径,慧眼独具,从人们意想不到的角度提出的论点,往往不仅是新颖的,也是深刻的。比如:有个同学以《墙》为题写议论文,就没有走将墙作为封闭的象征的套路,而是从一个常人所不易想到的全新角度,提出了这样的论点:一切有形的墙都应保护,一切无形的墙都该推倒。文章的开头是这样写的:“生活中遇到各种各样的墙,高墙、矮墙、山墙、院墙,还有北国的大围墙——万里长城,这些墙都应保护。但是,横在某些人心中的无形的墙,就该推倒。”这样的立论,是何等新鲜,又是何等深刻!
明白了立论的重要性,我们再来谈谈怎样立论。一般说根据命题(材料)确立论点,必须做到以下几点:一、确立客观上有必要的论点,即合于时事的具有强烈的时代感;二、确立主观上有见解的论点,努力做到“言前人所未言,发前人所未发”;三、要从自己熟悉的角度立论,不要好高骛远,立过深过大的论点,否则,难以驾驭,弄巧成拙。
这里必须指出的是,有些题目本身就是中心论点,可以直接根据命题立论,如《学贵有恒》、《勤能补拙》等;有些命题(材料),则不能简单地从字面上推断,这就必须根据立论的基本要求认真分析,深入探求其精神实质,把内含的思想、观点揭示出来,如《梅花香自苦寒来》、《涉深水者得蛟龙》、《流水不腐,户枢不》。又如下边这则短文:
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