答题思路:
(1一般往代词所在的句子前边找,尽可能地摘录原词原句,或根据其概括。
(2找到后还要放入代词所在的句子中读读,检验是否合适。
答题思路:
(1时间顺序:
(3逻辑顺序。一般是这三种中的一种,有时是两种。
准确的'答题格式是:
⑴该句中某某词语有XXXX的意思,在程度/数量/范围/语气等上起了限制作用,表明了XXXX,符合事实;
⑵体现了说明文语言的准确性。
生动的答题格式是:
(1该句中某某词语使用了拟人修辞/该句使用了打比方
(或引用:多指引诗文名句、谜语、俗语等的说明方法,生动形象地说明了XX说明对象的XX特征;
(2增强了文章的文学性、趣味性/吸引读者阅读兴趣。
要准确地概括出段意,首先要读懂段落中每一句话的.意思,还要弄清楚段内各句之间的相互关系,找出能揭示全段意思的主要句子,即所谓中心句(中心句的位置多数在段首或段末,个别也有在段中的。没有中心句的,要在理清句与句之间关系的基础上抓住贯穿全段的中心意思,用自己的话准确概括。
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1.摘句法,即摘出段落中的中心句。例如《我的老师》中第二自然段,就可摘取其中的她从来不打骂我们一句来概括段意。
2.概述法,用自己的语言概述全段的主要意思。例如《故乡》的第二部分,内容十分丰富,记述的人物事件多,可用自己的话概括:我回到故乡的所见、所闻、所感。
3.联合法。有些段落讲的不止一个意思,概括时必须用筒练的语言把几个意思表述出来,缺一不可,这就是联合内容要点加以概述。例如《记一辆纺车》的第四段,就要综合三层意思:纺线使衣着自给,纺线使大家爱惜自己制作的衣服,纺线使大家形成了新的美的观念。
值得注意的是,有些记叙性的语段虽有中心句,但是它表达的并非作者的真意,这时就不能用摘取中心句的方法来概括段意。例如《挖荠莱》的第二段第一句:小的时候,我是那么馋!以下各句具体写出了我是如何如何馋,显然这第一句是全段的中心句。但是,如果我们读懂了每句话的意思,并把握了全段大意,便可发现我的所谓馋实为饥不择食,所吃的东西并非什么好吃之物。这样,可以挖掘出中心句的潜台词,用自己的话将段
Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.
The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winner.” And their report cards sounded more positive(正面的)than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PHD, calls them” the overpraised generation.”
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research
has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:
A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent(才能 is genetic – you’re a born
artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent
and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊)isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.
We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the
world. But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets byencouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she
says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
( 57. What does the author think about the present generation?
A. They don’t do well at school.
B. They are often misunderstood.
C. They are eager to win in sports.
D. They are given too much praise.
( 58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .
A. doesn’t want to work hard
B. cares a lot about personal safety
C. cannot share his ideas with others
D. can succeed with the help of teachers
( 59. What does the growth mind-set believe?
A. Admitting failure is shameful.
B. Talent comes with one’s birth.
C. Scores should be highly valued.
D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
( 60. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?
A. Encourage them to learn from failures.
B. Prevent them from making mistakes.
C. Guide them in doing little things.
D. Help them grow with praise.
Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact,not even all professors are full professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors or adjunct professors.
So what do all of these different academic titles mean at American colleges and universities?Get ready for a short lecture,especially if you are thinking of a career in higher education.
Professors usually need a doctoral degree. But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate. This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been completed. After that,the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure. Tenure means a permanent appointment. This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure. Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure. During this time,other faculty members study the person's work. If tenure is denied,then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job.
An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. An associate professor may later be appointed a full professor.
Assistant,associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also serve on committees and take part in other activities.
Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on a tenure track. Instead,they might be in adjunct or visiting positions.
A visiting professor has a job at one school but works at another for a period of time. An adjunct professor is also a limited or part-time position,to do research or teach classes. Adjunct professors have a doctorate.
Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes,but they may or may not have a doctorate.
1.In which column of a newspaper can the passage probably appear?
A.Education.
B.Entertainment.
C.Politics.
D.Sports.
2.Which of the following positions should have a doctoral degree?
A.Instructors and lecturers.
B.Assistant professors and instructors.
C.Lecturers and adjunct professors.
D.Assistant and adjunct professors.
3.According to Paragraph 3,how long can an assistant professor stay in his or her position at most?
A.13 years. B.12 years.
C.7 years.D.8 years.
4.Which one shows the correct order for a professor's development?
a.An assistant professor.
b.An instructor.
c.A full professor.
d.An associate professor.
A.b,a,d,c B.b,d,a,c
C.c,a,d,b D.b,c,a,d
5.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Those teaching in a university are all professors.
B.You'd better learn about it before being a professor.
C.Those without a doctoral degree can't find a job.
D.Professors in a university share the same duties.
答案:DADA,ADDAB
答题思路:
(1可能在开头一段的尾句总说:
(2可能在中间每个大段的开头一句:
(3可能需要自己根据每段段意概括。
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