“我是谁?”这是哲学的三大命题之一。“我适合做什么工作?”是高职生在生涯发展中常常思考的问题和职业定位的结点。根据人——职匹配理论、职业生涯规划首先要对个体自我进行了解和认识,这是职业发展的起点,个体对自己的认识越深入、越清楚、就越能够了解自己的所需所能,从而在纷繁的职业环境中找到适合自己的职业发展之路。
职业生涯规划中的自我认识包括四个方面的因素:价值观、兴趣、性格和能力。
1、价值观。价值观是指“某些贵你来说很重要和你能想要的东西”。价值观是个体在后天成长过程中于环境互动中逐渐形成的。价值观一旦形成,便具有较强的稳定性,对人们的行为发生着强有力的内在动力和支配作用。
在很多的时候,价值观往往对个体的人生方向、生活方式起着核心作用。“你想要一种什么样的生活?”“什么样的职业能够使你实现这个目标?”因此,价值观是一个重要的决策因素,学生在职业决策中的许多困惑,决断困难往往与价值观有重要关俩,如高收入而相对不稳定的甲工作和相对低收入而稳定的乙工作,实际上就是两种生活方式的选择,个体需要澄清的是,对于自己来讲哪个因素更重要。对自己的价值观有清楚认识的人在做生涯决策时较为容易,他们清楚什么对于自己更重要,并在选择中坚定自己的决定。大学生正过于职业价值观尚未完全定型的阶段。容易陷入误区,如盲目从众,追求热门而忽视自身的特点。要正确地看待自己的人生以及个人与国家、社会、他人的关系,树立正确的职业价值观。
2、兴趣。兴趣是“人们为了乐趣或享受而作的事情”。兴趣在人的职业活动中有着非常重要的作用,它为个体带来兴趣,提供强有力的内在动力,激发个体的潜能与创造力。有研究表明,如果一个能从事的工作与其职业兴趣相吻合,能发挥其全部才能的80%—90%。并能长时间地保持高效率的工作乐此不彼。反之,则最多只能发挥其全部才能的20%—30%,还很容易导致厌倦与疲劳。更重要的是,工作也是生活的一部分,工作质量的高低就决定了生活质量的高低,一个人从事的时候是自己喜欢的.自己,是人们快乐生活的重要源泉。
按此人格偏好和职业对应我们把它分为六大类:
(1)现实型:有运动、机械操作的能力、喜欢工具、机械、动植物:对应工程师、机械式等职业。
(2)研究型:拥有数学和科学能力,喜欢独立工作和解决复杂的问题:对应科研人员、学者等职业。
(3)艺术型:拥有艺术能力、创造力、喜欢从事原则性的工作。对应艺术家、记者、摄影师、室内设计师等职业。
(4)社会型:擅长和人相处,热衷于社会关系和帮助他人解决问题;对应社会工作者、教师、咨询员等职业。
(5)企业型:喜欢和人群互动,有影响力、领导力、追求政治和经济上的成就。对应律师、企业经理、政治家等职业。
(6)传统型:喜欢从事资料工作,拥有文书和计算能力,能够听从指示,完成琐细的工作。对应编辑、计算机程序员、秘书、会计等职业。
3、性格。性格是指一个人对事物的稳定态度以及与之相适应的习惯化的行为方式,是个体区别于他人的主要特征。人的性格类型与职业之间具有关联性。如外向型的人可能更适合诸如营销这样需要热情多变,以人为主要工作对象的职业;而内向型的人则可能更适合会计等要求细致、严密、以数据为主要工作对象的职业。
性格是天赋和后天作用共同形成的,一旦形成就有较强的恒长性和稳定性,不易改变。不同性格有不同的特点,对于学生来说,重要的不是去改变自己的性格,而是一方面寻找性格和职业的结合点,另一方面要在对自己的性格不断修正、完善的同时,更要善于在工作中发挥自己性格的特点。
4、能力。能力是用人单位特别感兴趣的部分。常常会以“你能为公司做些什么?”这样的问题表现出来。与职业相联系,可以把能力区分为天赋能力和通用技能两类。
每个人会有不同的天赋能力或“天分”,如数字能力、运动协调能力、音乐能力等。不同的职业对天赋能力的要求是不同的,比如会计工作需要有较强的数字敏感性和计算能力,运动员需要具备运动协调能力。当选择的工作与你具备的“天分”一致时,可以收到事半功倍的效果,反之,再努力勤勉也可能收获其微。
通用技能更多的是个体通过后天学习而获得的综合的,可迁移的能力。如执行能力,沟通能力,组织管理技能等。这部分能力具备更大的提升空间,并且不同的职业有不用的能力要求。如教师工作需要有较好的表达能力,管理者需要有较强的组织管理能力,沟通能力等。不同的职业有不同的能力要求,特别是通用能力的要求,需要在大学期间就有意识地培养、发展职业所需的个人能力。
价值观、兴趣、性格、能力这四个因素在个体的职业生涯发展过程中发挥着不同层面的重要作用。可以用一个比喻来帮助大家理解他们的关系。价值观是“导航仪”,是个体生涯发展最核心的东西,不仅是重要的决策因素,还对个体人生发展方向有重大影响。兴趣是“发动机”,发挥着内在动力作用;性格是“稳压器”,保持个体与职业之间的协调,稳定;能力是“燃料”,是“发动机”运转的基础,推动个体在生涯发展中不断向前。
Recently we did a survey in our class in order to learn about students’ ideal jobs. Here’s a report about my group members’ ideas。
Mary wants to be a fashion designer because she likes beautiful clothes and is good at drawing. Kate wants to be a gardener, she lives plants, and she wants to make the cities better. Mike would like to be a writer. He’d like to share his wonderful stories with others. Tom would like to be a cook. He’d like to cook delicious food for others. I would like to be a policeman. I want to protect the people safe。
Hopefully everyone can realize their dreams in the future。
初稿
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money -it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
自评
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分:23
互评(刘兴顺评)
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分:23
互评(战越评)
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分:
互评(李春霞评)
As is shown above, a leader father is sitting in the chair with a seal grasping in the hand, and a lot of money beside him. He seriously said to his son that there is more to life than just money it is power. Simple as the picture is, but a profound truth is reveled in the picture.
I surely disagree with father ’s philosophy. As a leader, he shouldn ’t use his power to make money. It is his duty to serve people wholeheartedly, just one person said “with great power comes great responsibility ”. If he stick to his philosophy. I believe that he will spend the rest of his life in prison. What’s worse, he could affect his son ’s philosophy, guiding him in the opposite direction , nothing can be done to reverse the trend itself. The only solution is to change father ’s philosophy. Because of many greedy officials in China, it is time to reverse the trend itself by establishing new policy. As Chinese always has been our confidence that we can change for the better and better.
In my opinion, there is more to life than just money -it is happiness, nothing is important than happiness. We can live a colorful life in our spare time.
评分:
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