这里的勤于修改并不是指教师要包教包改,而是要让学生养成勤于修改的习惯。《语文新课表》中也提出:“要重视引导学生在自我修改和相互修改的过程中提高写作能力。”袁微子老前辈曾主张:“写作文提倡学生自己修改,老师少去改它,改得越少越好。教师的主要任务是检查后加批语”。对于袁老的上述主张,我非常赞同,批改学生的作文,首先要相信学生,尊重学生的意见,对于学生作文中的错别字、误用词语、标点符号及病句等,切忌一改到底,教师只需简单提示修改的方法,或者用各种符号标出该修改的字、词、句、段,至于具体应怎样改,则由学生自己去完成。事实上有的句子有的段落更正的方法是多种多样的,假如教师包改则束缚了学生的思路。学生修改作文的形式可以是多种多样的,如师生共议共改、小组合作修改、同桌对改、个人自改等。看来“好文章是改出来的”这句话不无道理。勤于修改就是要让学生享受习作修改所获得成功的愉悦,从而不断提高习作的能力。
三年级作文起步说难不难,说不难也难。只要教师引导学生做一个生活的有心人,去亲近大自然,感受生活,体验生活,积累丰富的写作素材,充分发挥想象力,相信学生的写作兴趣和能力都会一步一步地得到提高。
Nowadays, many famous university campuses have become one of the popular tourist attractions. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of middle school students visit Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities in China. In the place far away from the capital city, the local students also visit the universities famous in their own province.
So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for the students to visit the famous university campus in that it can enable the middle students to get more information about the university and they can have enough time and opportunity to prepare themselves with the chance to get into the university. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the public tourism will have negative effect on the universities because it will not only do harm to the environment but also to the intellectual atmosphere.
In my opinion, the tourism to the universities is not a good thing. The campus is mainly a place for study. With the increasing tourism on the campus, it will ruin the spiritual atmosphere in this learning field.
首先,提纯范文 “谋篇布局”及结构模板。
第一段:提出问题或现象。Nowadays, … … have become one of the popular … …. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that … ….
第二段:正反列举人们的看法。So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to … …? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing for … … in that … …. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, … … will have negative effect on … … because it will not only do harm to … … but also to … ….
第三段:摆明自己观点。In my opinion, … … is not a good thing. … … With the increasing … …, it will ruin … ….
其次,提纯范文“段落写作”。
段落写作分为统一性,连贯性和完整性三方面。
统一性(unity:段落开头的主题句应该做到不可太宽泛,也不可太具体,做到有较强的概括性才能使下文做到有的放矢的展开。范文第二段首句以设问的方式提出一个问题is it a good or bad thing就有很强的概况性。下文自然会一方面从好的方面说明,另一方面从坏的方面说明。
连贯性(coherence:关联词是使文章段落之间相互连贯的必要条件。范文中nowadays, on one hand, on the other hand, in one’s opinion即以“启承转合”递进的顺序是文章条理清晰,层层展开。
完整性(completeness:以设问句“So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to open the university campus for tourists?”开头,这是平时较少运用的段落写作方式——设问法。“On one hand … …. On the other hand, … ….”是段落写作分类列举法的典型用法。
再次,提纯范文“句子写作”。
1. It has been shown that … …
类似句型:It is known to us that … …
It is said that … …
It is reported that … …
It is controversial that … …
2. “… … Tsing Hua University and Peking University and other famous universities … …。”——并列句。并列句是简单的复杂句。但其运用方法并不简单,注意练习并接句的使用,会使句子显的更加饱满。
3. enable v. 使…能够
I gave him full directions to enable him to find the house.
4. in that = because
表“因为”的连词还有since, for, as,如:
The boy was absent because he was ill. = The boy was absent since he was ill.
此句以我们常用的人称开头,句式简单,我们可以通过把since提前改变句式,如:
Since the boy was ill, he was absent. 句式多样化。
最后,提纯范文“措辞”。
1. attraction n. 具有吸引力的事情。
2. thousands and thousands 成千上万的
形容“多”的表达方法:millions and millions
a multitude of
a great deal of
a large amount of
plenty of
many a
3. “some people argued that … …”中的“argue”并不是“讨论,辩论”的意思,而是“认为”。
I argue that … …
I maintain that … …
I claim that … …
I insist that … … = I think that … …
I hold that … …
I assert that … …
I assume that … …
4. negative adj. 否定的.,相反的
hold negative view = hold opposite opinions
5. phenomenon n. 现象
social phenomenon 社会现象
natural phenomenon 自然现象
6. intellectual adj. 聪明的= intelligent, bright, clever
(选词策略:使用最近所学的单词,如intellectual > intelligent > bright > clever
在分析并掌握范文之后,我们需要运用范文知识练习仿写。笔者运用2005年12月范文中的模板结构仿写了2006年12月的四级作文,以供参考:
1. 许多人喜欢在除夕夜看春节晚会
2. 但有些人提出取消春节晚会
3. 我的看法
Nowadays, the Spring Festival Evening has become one of the popular topic and attractions during every traditional New Year’s Eve. It has been shown on TV and on the radio that every year thousands and thousands of Chinese people appear to be accustomed to enjoying the sights and sounds of a brilliant feast, while gathering with their beloved family.
However, an increasing number of people have voiced different opinions towards it. So far as the present situation is concerned, is it a good or bad thing to cancel the Spring Festival Evening? Different people have different opinions. On one hand, some people argued that it is a good thing to amuse the audience in that it is composed by a numerous adequate programs, such as the emotional song, the graceful dance, the funny short sketch, the amusing comic dialogue, the delightful magic, and the marvelous acrobatics and so on. On the other hand, some people hold a negative view about this phenomenon. In their opinion, the Spring Festival Evening will have negative effect on the family harmony because it will not only do harm to having the talks between family members on the Spring Festival Eve but also to enjoying the gourmet meal in a fancy restaurant.
In my opinion, the Spring Festival Evening is a good thing. It may not remain a must for all people, but it can bring us a strong sense of festivity and serve as an alternative among the variety of holiday activities. With the increasing audience of the Spring Festival Evening, it will ruin a distinctive culture during the Spring Festival vacation.
Computer is a very useful machine. Some of them are big, but some of them are very small .Many people like playing computer. Computer has many functions, so that people can do a lot of things by computer, like watching movies, listening to the music or playing games. It can make our lives very colorful and convenient. Various people can make good use of computer. Children can use computer to learn and play games. Parents can use computers to work. I think computer is a kind of wonderful and interesting machine, so I like computer very much.
电脑是一种很有用的机器。有的电脑很大,但是有的'很小。很多人喜欢玩电脑。电脑有很多功能,人们可以i用电脑做很多事情,比如说看电影,听音乐或者玩游戏。它可以使我们的生活充满色彩和便利。各种各样的人都可以好好利用电脑。小孩子可以用电脑来学习和玩游戏。父母可以用电脑来工作。我认为电脑是一种神奇有趣的机器,所以我很喜欢电脑。
电脑在日常生活中有许许多多的用途,在这里我只介绍两种用途。其中,用处的便是阅览资料了。
在网址上,我们可以查阅自己不懂的地方,了解这大千世界的独特魅力,民族风情;我们可以阅览优美的文章,大家纷纷评说,好像战国时期的“百家争鸣”,各个建立门派,纷纷着书解说;我们可以……最主要的是,我们在网上可以提高知识,提高写作水平。广交良师益友,在良好的学习氛围下,使自己的学识更加开阔,广博。
那么,电脑另一种功能便是玩游戏。玩游戏可以锻炼眼耳手脑并用的能力;可以放松身心,调剂生活;可以学习知识,更可以锻炼自己的专心致志。
玩游戏可以说是一个孩子最喜欢的活动了,画面诡异莫测,变化多端。不仅如此,在玩游戏的`过程中,也可以广交朋友,在玩耍中体验友谊的快乐。
选择什么样的游戏也是一门学问。比如:玩英语游戏,可以学习英语,增长语法的知识;玩中国游戏,可以让世界人民领略到中华民族的文化与风采,体验到中国文化的博大精深……
电脑的作用广泛而全面,有许许多多的好处,我们只是挖掘了它最基础的作用。我们要用好电脑,使好电脑,在其积极的作用下,在我们快乐的心情下,使我们的知识、文化和素质全面提高起来,在幸福、美好的环境中快乐成长。
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour.
一沙一世界,
一花一天堂,
手中即无限,
永恒亦短暂。
to prevent H7N9 we should know some common sense. First of all, it is important for us to prevent H7N9 from ourselves. For example, clean our hands frequently.
Sencondly, do more exercises. Such as running. Lastly, change our diet to keep balence. For example, eat more types of vegetables and drink more water
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