一天中午是个烈日当空的天气,我和妈妈吃完了饭,就坐公交车上新华书店。
我们到了离书店最近的一站就跑下了车。感觉大冬天的,怎么这么热呀,走呀,走呀,我看见有人吃冰淇淋,好想吃哦!就劝妈妈买一个,没想到妈妈微笑着爽快的说,如果哪里有卖的我们就买。我就边走边找,走呀走呀,我们看见有卖冰淇淋的了。就跟老板娘买了一个两块的冰淇淋,一边走一边吃,可真是愉快呀!!
我们在新华书店里看了一会书,选了三本书,《假如给我三天光明》《童年.在人间.我的大学》《钢铁是怎样练成的》这些书可真是有趣。
买好啦书我真是迫不及待的想看,妈妈说现在回家看。在车上我就开始心情激动起来,怎么也平静不下来。我把书放到座位上。要下车了,我急忙跑了下来,等车走了,我才发现自己的书不见了,就马上往前追,追呀追呀,公交车刚好到了终点站,我停了下来,叹了口气,真是幸运!!要不然就不知去向了。我拿着书气喘吁吁的,和妈妈陆陆续续的走回了家。小朋友们你们可不要把书弄丢了,那样不一定有像我那么幸运哦!
Sperber和Wilson主张用“关联原则”来解释人类的交际。他们认为,语言交际是一个认知过程,交际双方之所以能够配合默契,是因为有一个最佳的认知模式,即“关联”。关联由两个因素决定:语境效果和心智努力。人类认知活动的目标就是在认知过程中力图以最小的心智努力获得最大的语境效果。为了达到这个目标,人们必须把注意力集中于最为“关联”的信息,以获取信息和语境的最佳关联。最佳关联是指在话语理解时以一定的心智努力获得足够的语境效果。
交际是否成功关键在于人对事物之间的联系或关联的认识。人类在认知过程中往往以最大关联为取向,但在实际交际过程中我们只能期待产生一个最佳关联,即听者在理解话语时用最小的认知努力获得足够的语境效果,并以交际为取向。关联理论认为语境是一个在互动过程中为了正确理解话语而存在于人们大脑中的一系列假设,所以关联理论的语境不限于现实环境中的情景或话语本身的语境,交际中的语境不是固定不变的,而是动态的。而最佳的语境效果是由明示——推理模式提供的。明示,即说话人明白无误地表达出自己的意图;推理,即听话人从说话人提供的信息中推断出说话人暗含的意图。其中,听话人的推理是理解话语的核心,而关联则是听话人推理的基础。对话语进行推理就是在话语与语境假设之间寻找一种关联,关联选取得当就会获得足够的语境效果,有了语境效果,就能正确理解话语,使交际获得成功。
天呀,我该怎么办?两本丢失一年多的书竟然在我最好的朋友家中发现了。
那一年寒假,我闲在家里没事做,便向表姐借了两本书,本想在家好好钻研一下,谁知那两本书不翼而飞。虽然表姐没有追究,可是她那张“漏勺嘴”把我的丑闻到处宣扬,使同学们给我戴了顶“丢三落四”的帽子。为此,我好长时间都打不起精神来。老天呀!我又没做过亏心事,这倒霉事为啥偏到我头上来?
让我难以忘怀一个周末,在我的.好朋友家中的书架最底层,我发现了两本似曾相识的书。不,不会的,一定是我看错了。她怎么会拿我的书呢?我俩可是最好的“姐妹”呀!没错,的确是我借的书。我清楚地记得,那天我不小心把书撕破了一页。为了补好,我在割胶带的时候不慎割破了手,血滴在书上……天呀!我不敢再看下去,只觉得那滴暗红的血迹像吸血鬼似的无情地吞噬着我俩纯洁的友谊。我稀里糊涂地从她家跑出去,我怎么也不敢相信这个可怕的事实,却又不得不接受这个事实。
怎么办?现在摆在我面前的只有两条路,一是要书,可如果那样,我俩一定会翻脸,友谊也不复存在了,如果被其他同学知道了,一定会给她的心灵带来无法弥补的伤害。二是不要书,这样虽然好,可以免去好多麻烦,大家都“好”,友谊也还能继续下去,但这样却难平我的心头之气,友谊虽存,可只不过是表面而已。更可怕的是她如果继续下去……唉!要书不行,不要书也不行,这可真叫我左右为难呀!
请同学们帮我想想办法,好吗?
这种书携带起来十分方便,最小可以变成花生米大的书,最大的可以有一台电视机那么大。
这种书很容易控制,如果你想它大,就按“P”,想小就按“T”。
这种书还能循环再用,你看完这本书后,按“PT”文字就删除了,再说你要看的'书,这本书就显示出来。
我还发明了一种书――手表书。
你也许会问:手表就是手表,哪有手表书呢?
这种书可以显示时间,也可以当书,手表状态时只需按“V”,手表盖就翻起来,蹦出了一个电脑大的书,你先在里面选书,屏幕上就会显示这本书出来。
最令我满意的作品就是眼镜书了。
这本书又可以当眼镜戴,也可以当书,而且不伤眼睛,还完全眼控!
如果你想从眼镜变成书,只要眨一下左眼就可以了,翻书只需眨右眼就可以了。
你说我发明的书神奇不神奇?
这样的广告词自然吸引了许多顾客,我便是这众多顾客之一。人们聚集在舞台上,你一言,我一语的争论着。老板见顾客差不多满了,并开始进行介绍
“敬爱的顾客朋友们,大家好。欢迎你们来参观本公司新研制的高科技书籍产品。这种书籍产品分为多种类型,现在由我向您一一介绍。”说完,老板便拿起一本书:“顾客朋友们,现在展现在你们眼前的就是本公司新研制的'产品之一—超薄式书,这种书,看上去就像一张纸,其实不然,大家请看。”老板把书拿侧了,继续说:“这里有三个按钮,一红一白一蓝,按红色按钮,书面内容会自动转到,白色按钮则返回,并且书的设计也会随着内容所改变。这本书就像个小书店,里面有上百本书,您只要在书皮上写上书名,按下蓝色按钮,便会出现这本书的内容。这种书携带方便,适合出门远游者使用。”
台下响起一片掌声。
老板又拿起一本书说:“这是播音机式的书。别看它普普通通,其实它暗藏“***机”。你们千万别误会,这“***机”指的是微型播音机,这种播音机小得几乎看不见。这种书也有两个按钮,一黄一蓝,按黄钮,微型播音机就会把书的内容一字一端地读出来。如果您不看了,并再按黄钮,它并停止播音。而蓝钮则是用来调节音量和速度。这种书主要是给盲人和小孩使用。”台下又是一片掌声。
“今天就介绍到这里,大家明天继续捧场。要买书的顾客请到购书处。”
话音刚落,大家便纷纷向购书处跑去。一千本书一下子就剩下几本。呀!我光顾着说,忘记了我也要去买书。不说了,不说了,再说就买不到了,拜拜!
(1) 不同观点列举型( 选择型 )
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand, ___原因一_______. On the other hand, ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
(2)利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目
______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
(3)答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
(4) 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
(2)利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
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