作文框架手写图片【一】
Sperber和Wilson主张用“关联原则”来解释人类的交际。他们认为，语言交际是一个认知过程，交际双方之所以能够配合默契，是因为有一个最佳的认知模式，即“关联”。关联由两个因素决定：语境效果和心智努力。人类认知活动的目标就是在认知过程中力图以最小的心智努力获得最大的语境效果。为了达到这个目标，人们必须把注意力集中于最为“关联”的信息，以获取信息和语境的最佳关联。最佳关联是指在话语理解时以一定的心智努力获得足够的语境效果。
交际是否成功关键在于人对事物之间的联系或关联的认识。人类在认知过程中往往以最大关联为取向，但在实际交际过程中我们只能期待产生一个最佳关联，即听者在理解话语时用最小的认知努力获得足够的语境效果，并以交际为取向。关联理论认为语境是一个在互动过程中为了正确理解话语而存在于人们大脑中的一系列假设，所以关联理论的语境不限于现实环境中的情景或话语本身的语境，交际中的语境不是固定不变的，而是动态的。而最佳的语境效果是由明示——推理模式提供的。明示，即说话人明白无误地表达出自己的意图；推理，即听话人从说话人提供的信息中推断出说话人暗含的意图。其中，听话人的推理是理解话语的核心，而关联则是听话人推理的基础。对话语进行推理就是在话语与语境假设之间寻找一种关联，关联选取得当就会获得足够的语境效果，有了语境效果，就能正确理解话语，使交际获得成功。
作文框架手写图片【二】
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
作文框架手写图片【三】
】星期日上午，天气晴朗，蓝蓝的天空中飘着几朵淡淡的白云，太阳射出万道霞光，天气真好呀!
几个小朋友来到一条清澈见底的小河边放风筝。他们拿好了各自的风筝，在微风中放了起来，风筝越飞越高。看，它们的形状各不相同，有的象飞机，有的象“王”字，还有的象燕子……。一个小朋友站在旁边，他一边给放风筝的小朋友们鼓掌，一边说“你们看，在空中飞翔的风筝多象自由自在的小鸟啊!”河里的鱼儿抖动着尾巴，好象也在为放风筝的小朋友鼓掌。河边的'小石头好象都看呆了，一动不动的站在那里。
那些小朋友玩得都忘了回家。
作文框架手写图片【四】
（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.
People， however， differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there is no doubt that ___观点二______.
As far as I am concerned， I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______. It is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.
（2）利弊型的`议论文
Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目
______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.
Just As a popular saying goes， "every coin has two sides"， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____ 缺点二______.
To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.
（3）答题性议论文
Currently， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result， we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all， __途径一______. In addition， anotheer way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.
Above all， to solve the problem of ___作文题目______， we should find a
number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned， I would prefer to solve the problem in this way， that is to say， ____方法_____.
（4） 谚语警句性议论文
It is well know to us that the proverb： " ___谚语_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____谚语的含义_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore， it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二_.
Itis not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的议论文
目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题
_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspJust As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with,To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题
into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.
( 3 答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this pr______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concern
( 4 谚语警句性议论文
语 has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our stu. ( also theoretically
______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____ With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语
_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..
★★★图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the _____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases,significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.
There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to
show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.
As far as I am concerned,
I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.
作文框架手写图片【五】
“书籍是人类进步的阶梯。”高尔基强调书籍的重要性。而刘向说：书犹药也，善读可以医愚。”读书可以创造品性，好品性源自读好书。
“读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才，”培根说，“读书补天然之不足，又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩;凡有所学，皆成性格。”杜甫说：读书破万卷，下笔如有神。”最终杜甫造就诗圣。“青取之于蓝而青于蓝，冰水为之而寒于水。”|荀子认为读书是为提高自己，改变自己的品性。余秋雨说：“阅读的最大理由是想摆脱平庸，早一天就多一份人生的精彩;迟一天就多一天平庸的困扰。”周总理高呼：“为中华之崛起而读书!”他就像诸葛孔明那样鞠躬尽瘁死而后已，成为我们心中的好总理。在学校得沉下心来，将自己的品性变得稳重，不能心在别处，否则将竹篮打水一场空。“君子博学而日参省乎己，则智明而行无过矣。”
“书山有路勤为径。”匡衡凿壁借光，孙敬苏秦悬梁刺股，车胤孙康囊萤映雪。他们无一不是我们的榜样。在这个温饱的环境中，要的是我们内心深处的***。“我没有什么特别的'才能，只不过喜欢刨根问底地追究问题罢，”爱因斯坦说，“提出一个问题比解决一个问题更重要。”好而不奇是庸才，奇而无心是蠢才。要多问几个为什么，多创造好的品性。书不可尽信，尽信不如无书。知识是从书中提炼出的。“不积跬步无以至千里，不积小流无以成江海。”知识要厚积。积累知识胜过积累财富。欧洲用这句谚语向我们展示知识的重要，从知识中造就的品性对国家的重要。要懂滴水穿石。贵有恒，何必三更睡五更起;最无益，莫过一日曝十日寒。
宋真宗赵恒说：“富家不用买良田，书中自有千锺粟;安居不用架高堂，书中自有黄金屋; 出门莫恨无人随，书中车马多如簇;娶妻莫恨无良媒，书中自有颜如玉;男儿若遂平生志。六经勤向窗前读。”品性源自读书，只有读书，读好书才能创造一个好的品性。
读书，读好书就会有好的品性.作为一个学生拼十年寒窗，挑灯苦读不为难;博百载浮生，勤奋耕耘休嫌苦。
