①说明方法:__________________________________
②举例分析:__________________________________
Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere in big cities. They shout at us from the television screen and radio loudspeakers, wave to us from every page of the newspaper, signal to us from the roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us in colored lights all night.
Faced with a flood of advertisement, some people wonder whether it is necessary to have such huge sums spent on advertising. They often cite in illustration of it the attractive, but false and deceptive advertisements to which many consumers fall victim. Why don't we stop advertising and use the money to reduce the price of goods? It sounds like a good idea, but they fail to notice the contribution advertising makes to our society. Because the production of a better product to compete for customers' money is the goal of advertisers, customers are thus given a chance to compare their products and get the best and cheapest one. Besides, as the advertisement can provide people with a lot of immediate and detailed information as to the availability of a certain product, or a service or a job, it makes life much more convenient. And another thing we mustn't forget: the fact that we pay so little for our daily newspapers and TV programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers.
Advertising performs such a useful service to our society that we can't imagine what would happen if there were no advertisements. (198 words
有关素材:
(一)月球是地球唯一的天然卫星,是距离我们最近的天体,它与地球的平均距离约为384401千米。它的平均直径约为3476千米,比地球直径的1/4稍大些。月球的表面积有3800万平方千米,还不如我们亚洲的面积大。月球的质量约7350亿亿吨,相当于地球质量的1/81,月面重力则差不多相当于地球重力的1/6。
月球的轨道运动月球以椭圆轨道绕地球运转。这个轨道平面在天球上截得的大圆称白道。白道平面不重合于天赤道,也不平行于黄道面,而且空间位置不断变化。
公转周期27。32日。表面的最低温度是-183摄氏度。
月球的自转月球在绕地球公转的同时进行自转,周期27。32166日,正好是一个恒星月,所以我们看不见月球背面。这种现象我们称同步自转,几乎是卫星世界的普遍规律。一般认为是行星对卫星长期潮汐作用的结果。天平动是一个很奇妙的现象,它使得我们得以看到59%的月面。主要有以下原因:
1。在椭圆轨道的不同部分,自转速度与公转角速度不匹配。
2。白道与赤道的交角。
(二)星星是明是暗的,主要有两个因素:
一是由于星星发光能力的大小;二是星星和人们之间距离的远近。
天文学家通常把星星发光的能力分为25个星等,发光能力最强的比发光能力最差的大约相差100亿倍。
星星的亮度常用星等来表示。星星越亮,星等就越小。在地球上测出的星等叫视星等;归算到离地球10秒差距处的星等叫绝对星等。使用对不同波段敏感的检测元件所测得的同一恒星的星等,一般是不相等的。目前最通用的星等系统之一是U(紫外)、B(蓝)、V(黄)三色系统(见测光系统class=link>测光系统),B和V分别接近照相星等和目视星等。二者之差就是常用的色指数。太阳的V=-26。74等,绝对目视星等M=+4。83等,色指数B-V=0。63,U-B=0。12。由色指数可以确定色温度。
离人们距离近的星星它的发光能力强,因此人们看到它就很亮。可是,即使发光能力相当强的星星,假如离人们十分遥远,那么它的亮度可能还比不上比它的发光能力差好几万倍的星星呢。
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