审读材料是关键。材料好比是大地,其寓意好比埋藏在大地下的金矿。只有向下挖掘,才能找到金矿。即要明了材料的情感意向、价值倾向,准确把握材料所表达的深刻道理以及自己对这个道理应有的正确态度。材料开掘得越深,中心就越明确,主旨就越深刻,文章也就越有意义。所谓“在?规定?中求得?灵活?”,就是对题目所提供的材料,多问几个为什么,以自己的学识,联系生活现实,反复分析研究,透过现象抓住本质,最大可能地挖掘出材料的启示意义,从而提炼出深刻的思想含义。
这则材料,仔细一读,便能从“老农失足,摔碎了壶,继续前行”的情状以及“一个热情的人”让老农回头看看的对话描写中,很快发现它所蕴含的“如何面对失误”这样的问题(这是立意的范围)。但如果仅仅抓住材料中“若无其事”“不慌不忙”这两个表示老农“洒脱”的词将立意定在“人生难免有坎坷,应该潇洒地走一回”,或再增补“它已经碎了,我能怎么办”“老农爬起来继续前行”等相关信息,而得出“在失误面前,要学会放弃,要向前看”的观点,那都不能算是最准确或最深刻的立意。因为,材料中还有“他不慎失足”和“那你知道它为什么会摔碎,你怎么不转身看看”这两句关键的话,它们隐含着一个至关重要的信息,那就是,老农的失足不是由于他人原因,更不是由于自然因素(非人力可抗),完全是自己的“不慎”造成的,而这样的失误如果不善于“回头看看”,不善于认真总结、吸取教训,那他的前行一定会重蹈覆辙。因此,“善于正视失误,方能稳步前行”才是这则故事的真正寓意。抓住了这一寓意,将文章的主旨定在“如何面对失误?——既要?回望?又要?前行?(总论点):首先要有正确的态度——善鉴往者,稳追来者(分论点一);其次要有明智的做法——亡羊补牢,犹未晚也”(分论点二)上,立意才算基本成功了——既符合材料的实际内容,又联系现实生活,有人生的启迪意义,且不乏人类社会发展的哲理意味。
可见,“挖掘”的过程,既不凭空,也不随意,而是在“死”的限制中,寻找可能性、选择现实性的过程,由抽象到具体、由一般到个别的思辨的过程。因此,立意要想深刻,除了“功夫在诗外”,注重生活积累丰富思想底蕴外,更要在“符合题意”——“死”规定的前提下,善于透过现象挖掘出本质性的东西,善于在常人的观点或说法上再上一个层次,善于发现别人没有发现的那一点。
如果能够抓住题目所蕴涵的这些“活”的可能性和现实性,那么作文的立意就一定能做到深刻隽永,从而奠定写出一篇上乘文章的基础。
1. Nancy is too young to dress herself.
Nancy is not _____ _____ to dress herself.
2. My watch doesn't work well.
There is ____ _____ _______ my watch.
3. Jane doesn't go to work by bus any longer.
Jane ____ _____ _____ to work by bus.
4. It took Mary two weeks to prepare for the exam.
Mary _____two weeks____ ______ for the exam.
5. It seems that they have known each other.
They seem to _____ _____ each other.
6. "My grandpa doesn't like coffee or coke" said Bob
Bob said that _____grandpa liked _____coffee _____coke.
7. Cao Fei joined the League three years ago.
Cao Fei _____ ____ _____ the League for three years.
8. I prefer walking there to going by bus.
I prefer to walk there ____ _____ going by bus.
9. -Thank you very much. -You're welcome.
- ____ a lot. -Not at____ .
10. Kitty does well in English.
Kitty ____ ____ ____ English.
11. They realized Hainan was a beautiful place after they reached there.
They____ realize Hainan was a beautiful place_____ they reached there.
12. We will have to finish the work hardly if you don't help us. We can't finish the work _____ _____ ______
13. My dictionary isn't so thick as yours.
My dictionary is _____ than yours.
14. Could you tell me where the East Street Hospital is? Excuse me, ____ is the _____ to the East Street Hospital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heital?
15. The book is exciting to read.
It is ____ _____ read the book.
16. Jack's mother asked him, "Have you packed your things?" Jack's mother asked him ____ he ____ packed his things.
17. She likes singing better than dancing. She ____ singing ____ dancing.
18. Remember to ring me up as soon as you get to Nanjing Make ____ to give me a ring as soon as you _____ Nanjing.
19. They couldn't catch the train because of the heavy traffic. The heavy traffic _____ them from _____ the train.
20. My brother has been away from home for two days.
My brother _____ home two days _____ .
21. Li Lei decided to move to Canada when he was thirty.
Li Lei made a _____ to move to Canada at the _____ of thirty.
22. Jim was too careless to pass the exam last term.
Jim was not_____ _____ to pass the exam last term.
23. If you don't hurry up, you can't catch the train.
Hurry up, _____ you may _____ the train.
24. Yang Li wei said to us, "I'm going to visit your school tomorrow. " We were all pleased.
We were all pleased when we heard Yang Li wei_____ visit_____ school the next day.
25. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. I have ____seen _____ an interesting film before.
26. I was late for school because of the traffic accident. The traffic accident _____ me _____ getting to school on time.
1、展示话题
请同学们看清作文题目及要求:
“风”,有自然界的;也有人类社会的,有可亲可爱的,有可憎可恨的,请以“风”为话题,进行多角度立意。
2、方法指导
学者朱光潜曾说过:写作时要抱住这个题目的四面八方去想,不拘大小、不问次序,想到一点就用三五个字将它记下来,直至把所有的都记录下来为止。
3、指名回答
点拨:在联想的基础上,用简洁的语句来表达自己的立意(一个联系点,一句话点明立意)。(对学生回答及时地加以点拨、肯定、评价、追问)
4、小结
刚才,同学们充分发挥自己的创新思维,围绕“风”这个话题,进行多角度的立意,关注自然;直面社会阴暗面,有赞美社会新时尚、新风尚;或感悟人生;有的同学还另辟蹊径,从阅读中积累素材,感悟“风之韵”,使自己的立意高人一筹,别开生面。
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