“良好的开端是成功的一半”,如果一篇作文的头开好了,打开了思路,要写的话就很顺利地写了出来。如果头开得不好,就会思路闭塞,难以下笔。所以古人所说的“凤头”就是指文章的开头要起笔不平。
最常见的开头方法是——开门见山,直接入题。像叙事的'文章开头就点明事情的起因,或是直接说明文章所要叙述的事件,让人一目了然。
第2种开头方式是——设置疑问,引人入胜,这种开头方式,往往在第一段就提出疑问,巧设悬念,或把事情的结果交代在先,使读者产生急欲读下去的愿望。
还有一种叙事的开头方法是——描摹景物,渲染气氛。这种文章的开头方法是从写景、写物入手,以此来烘托气氛、突出中心。
总之,叙事文章开头的方法是多种多样的,一般我们要遵循如下原则:要紧扣中心,突出主题,不能起笔太远,让人读了不知所云;要新颖活泼,令人有耳目一新之感,不能陈词滥调,生搬硬套;要有真情实感,不能空洞抒情,无病***。
文章的结尾与开头一样,也是表现主题的重要环节。好的结尾能深化主题,突出中心,令人回味,具有“余音绕梁”的作用。结尾的方法同样多种多样。
1、随着事情的发展自然收束。这种结尾方式简单明快,叙事完整。
2、首尾呼应。这种结尾方法是在文章的结尾再强调一下开头部分的意思,以达到互相照应。这种照应有的是形式上的前呼后应,有的是意义上的再次强调,使文章浑然一体。
3、含蓄委婉,令人深思。这种结尾方法以暗示、旁衬或隐晦曲折的手法,让读者自己去体会,而不把文章的主题、作者的思想感情明明白白说出来。
4、饱含哲理,发人深省。用一段饱含哲理的话作结尾,可以使读者产生共鸣,汲取力量,得到启迪。对整篇文章而言,也有画龙点睛的妙用。
When I was a freshman in college I watched the film Gua Sha Treatment for the first time, now I am a junior student and I come back to review the movie from a multicultural aspect, I have many different feelings after watching the film again.
At the beginning of the film, XuDatong is given an award and later he delivers a speech. What makes me impressed most is in his speech he says “one day I will become one of you, a truly successful American, today this award proved that America is a true land of opportunity and I am the living proof of that.” At that moment Xu thinks he has realized his American Dream totally with his lovingly wife and adorable son. However, I think it is ironical that to make a speech like that and I assume it is made on purpose to hind a clue for the story's development. How many non—American people have such a beautiful American dream? One of my classmate studies in American now and before he went aboard he told me his American dream is he can stand at the top of the New York. To be honest, I also dream that one day I can get the Green Card living there happily and successfully maybe working at the Wall Street. When Xu gets the award he thinks he entirely melted in the melting pot neglecting the multicultural obstruct, later the plot goes against the way he thinks. And later Quinlan asked Xu'why you be the scapegoat of your father?' Xu answers 'because he is Chinese.' Then maybe Xu knows that there is always a wide gap between Chinese and American cultures.
The second scene is Xu hit his son Denis because Denis hit the son of xu's boss, at the middle of the film xu tells his boss that he hit his own son is only to show his respect to his boss John Quinlan, that time Quinlan feels puzzled “what a Chinese logic”,yes, American can never understand such a logic full of Chinese characteristic, because they respect everyone including the children, they won't beat a child to please the boss, and there is no such a conception of degree between employee and employer, they feel everyone is equal, which is quite different from china.
Connected to the second scene, the third difference I want to analyze is the care for the children. In America, people pay more attention to the right of children which can be seen from the law—leaving children alone at home is illegal, while in China it is so common that almost everyone may experience such loneliness. And Children Welfare Agency does work in America which shows the importance Americans attach to children's right. What's more, I remember a line 'No one won the case, especially the child.' In my opinion, it also manifests the universal concern from the American public to the children.
The fourth aspect is following the procedure, in the film, more than there times, the people focus on the rule, the law, the procedure. At the Christmas Eve Xu wants to return back to his home pretending as a Santa Claus, what a pity, the security recognizes him and persuades 'you are always a good tenement, never causes troubles for me.' And another scene is at the end of the film , the judge says 'I have to follow the procedure.' However, in China people always have to ask for a favor to do something, and later you have to pay back the favor,for myself, I prefer the American style, strict to the procedure.
The fifth and the last point is the humors, Quinlan says 'you can't fall, your health security is the company paid.' 'Datong, welcome home, maybe next time, you can come from the front door.' 'dady, why you come from the window' ' because we don't have a chimney.' I really adore this distinguished American humor, especially in dangerous situations, which is quite rare in China.
That's my whole reaction to Gua Sha Treatment.
[例1]《选择真善美》的结尾:
选择真,我们拥抱蓝天;选择善,我们渴望丝雨;选择美,我们呼喊大千世界!心灵包容了真善美三色,我们就能更加快速地奔向七色的明天!
文章在前面分别论述了选择真、选择善、选择美的基础上,直接抒发作者的感情,热情洋溢,激情澎湃,引起了读者强烈的共鸣。
[例2]
开头:中国的圣贤先哲大都强调一种格物致知的精神,认为做学问就要把它弄明白,搞透彻,不能浅尝辄止,似是而非,因而孔子韦编三绝而精通周易。今日之时,商
业化的文化如快餐般呈现在我们面前时,我们往往手足无措,我们确实失去了什么,也许就是文化的厚重感。
结尾:文化快餐只能作为一种尝试,一种体验,它不能替代主食。重拾遗落的厚重,沉潜宁静,到知识的海洋中开拓一片全新的天地。重拾遗落的厚重,让民族有强大的精神支撑,我们会看到真正的崛起与复兴。
(《重拾遗落的厚重》
Father's Day
Yesterday was Father's Day. I had planned to give my father a present. But I didn't remember it until in the morning.It was too late to post a card to him. So I decided to buy something. When I was in the department store. I found it was not easy for me to choose something right for him. Suddenly I
got an idea. I ran home and opened my computer. I made a beautiful card and mailed him through the Internet. then I began to make supper. When father came home, he was very glad to find a big meal on the table. then I asked him to check his e-mail. He was amazed to find a beautiful card in his e-mail-box.
What a wonderful surprise!
古今中外,名言佳句很多,作文结尾之时,若能巧妙引用,定能使文章增色许多。这里列举几例分别引用了诗文佳句、名人言论,既增添了文采又加深了文章的意境。效果很好,应加以学习,此外,引用的范围可大些,如俗语、谚语、流行歌词等均可引用。
[例1]陆游曾说:“谁能养气塞天地,吐出自足成虹霓。”即使你没有博大的思想,但你有意识,也就拥有了发言权,站起来吧,像王朔叫板金庸一样,舞出自我生命的亮点。(《吐出自足成虹霓》
[例2]可见,列夫·托尔斯泰的名言“幸福之家各个相同,不幸之家各有各的不幸”也不必完全奉为真理。关于幸福的答案,同样是丰富多彩的。(《答案是丰富多彩的》
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