战国时期,鲁庄公十年的春天,齐国攻打鲁国,鲁庄公准备迎战。
鲁国有一位谋士叫曹刿,他请求见鲁庄公,要参加对齐国的战争。曹刿的同乡说:“享受俸禄的高官们会谋划这件事,你又何必参与其中?”曹刿说:“这些高官目光短浅,不能深谋远虑。”因此他来到王宫要求觐见。
曹刿见到了鲁庄公,问道:“请问大王凭什么条件去抵抗齐军?”
鲁庄公说:“平时有什么好吃好穿的,我都不敢独占,总是分给大家一起享用。”
曹刿说:“这种小恩小惠不可能遍及每个人,百姓不会因此服从您。”
鲁庄公说:“祭祀时用的牛羊祭品,我都详细地禀报给神灵,没有半点不诚实。”
曹刿笑笑说:“小的.信用不能让神信任,神不会为此降福于您。”
鲁庄公想了想,说:“对待百姓们的大小案件,虽然我无法一一明察,但总是尽量按事实和情理来处理。”
曹刿这才点头说:“这是您忠于职守的表现,凭这一点可以和齐国作战。如果开战,请让我跟随您一起去吧!”
于是,鲁庄公和曹刿同乘一辆战车。在长勺,双方军队摆开阵列。鲁庄公要击鼓进军,曹刿说:“还不行。”等到齐军击了三次鼓后,曹刿才说:“可以击鼓进军了。”这时鲁国的士兵如猛虎下山,英勇无敌,齐军被打得大败。
鲁庄公要下令乘胜追击齐军,曹刿说:“还不行。”曹刿下了车,认真察看地上齐军战车辗过的痕迹,然后又登上车,扶着车前的横木仔细远望齐军的队形,最后说:“可以了。”于是鲁军乘胜追击齐军,赢得了战争的胜利。
战争结束后,鲁庄公向曹刿请教得胜的原因。曹刿回答说:“作战主要靠的是勇气。第一次击鼓能振作士兵的勇气;第二次击鼓,士兵的勇气就减弱了;待到第三次击鼓时,士兵的勇气就消耗尽了。齐军三次击鼓后,勇气已尽,而我军的勇气正旺盛,所以我们能战胜他们。刚才大王下令追击时,我恐怕有埋伏,于是便仔细观察。我看齐军战车车轮的痕迹混乱,又望见他们的军旗东倒西歪,所以才让您下令追击他们。”
【说明】 在这则寓言中,齐强鲁弱,但曹刿通过认真调查,仔细分析,针对每种情况作出相应的对策,终于使小国战胜了大国。
The Father and His Son
Father had a family of sons who were perpetually quarrelling among themselves. When he failed to heal their disputes by his exhortations, he determined to give them a practical illustration of the evils of disunion; and for this purpose he one day told them to bring him a bundle of sticks. When they had done so, he placed the faggot into the hands of each of them in succession, and ordered them to break it in pieces. They each tried with all their strength, and were not able to do it.
He next unclosed the faggot, and took the sticks separately, one by one, and again put them into their hands, on which they broke them easily. He then addressed them in these words: "My sons, if you are of one mind, and unite to assist each other, you will be as this faggot, uninjured by all the attempts of your enemies; but if you are divided among yourselves, you will be broken as easily as these sticks."
一位父亲有几个孩子,这些孩子时常发生口角。他丝毫没有办法来劝阻他们,只好让他们看看不合群所带来害处的例子。为了达到这个目的,有一天他叫他们替他拿一捆细柴来。当他们把柴带来时,他便先后地将那捆柴放在每一个孩子的手中,吩咐他们弄断这捆柴。他们一个个尽力去试,总是不能成功。
然后他解开那捆柴,一根根地放在他们手里,如此一来,他们便毫不费力地折断了。于是他就告诉他们说:「孩子们!如果你们大家团结一致,互相帮助,你们就像这捆柴一样,不能被你们的敌人折断;但如果你们自行,你们就将和这些散柴一般,不堪一折了。
It was sunny and very hot today。I got up early and helped my parents cook breakfast。 Then I washed the dishes and cleaned the room。 After a short rest I did my homework in the morning。 In the afternoon I went swimming in the nearest swimming pool with my friends。 It was really cool to swim in such a hot day。 I surfed the internet and read a storybook in the evening。 I really had a busy and interesting day。 今天天气晴朗比较热。 我起得很早,帮父母做早饭。然后我洗碗打扫屋子。休息一会后我上午做作业。 下午我和朋友去我家最近的.游泳池游泳。 在如此炎热的夏天游泳的确很棒。 晚上我上网、看故事书。我今天很忙过得很有趣。
One Sunday my mother (Mother had (made me take my little young brother to the a trip to the country. She bade me take good care of him.
While we were walking along the road, the sun was shining brightly and the breeze was blowing gently. We saw the beautiful flowers smile (smiling at us and heard the birds sing (singing their sweet songs on the trees. The scenery was indeed very pretty (beautiful.
When we felt tired, we returned home. We saw Mother (our mother wait (waiting for us at the door.
有一个星期日,我母亲叫我带小弟弟去乡村游历。她吩咐我要好好照料他。
当我们沿着道路行走的.时候,太阳灿烂地照耀着,微风轻轻地吹着。我们看见美丽的花儿对我们微笑着,并听见鸟儿在树上唱着悦耳的歌曲,风景实十分美丽。
当我们感觉到疲倦的时候,我们就回家了。我们看见母样正在门口等候我们。
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